In this work, we synthesised nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via a microwave assisted method. CQDs with proper structure showed excellent anti-fungal effects against both brown (Postia placenta, Pp) and white rot decay fungi (Trametes versicolor, Tv) on wood. The underlying anti-fungal mechanisms of CQDs on wood were further elucidated. We found that positively charged nano-sized CQDs primarily adhered and penetrated into fungal cell membrane. This led to fungal metabolism disorder, significant reduction in enzymatic activities, and ultimately cell death, as confirmed by transcriptome analysis. Additionally, CQDs generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light, causing death of fungal. This work provides insights into the design of next-generation green and efficient CQDs-based anti-fungal agents for wood, thereby contributing to the promotion of sustainable and environmentally friendly wood applications.

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