Future directions for biological control of deleterious organisms on wood, and commercial market success, are dependent upon efficacy, cost and shelf life in comparison to other available means, and appropriate fulfilment of registration requirements. Basic and applied research involving ascomycete and/or basidiomycete fungi are described regarding solid wood applications of biocontrol of sapstain, and pulp and paper applications of pitch removal. Crucial to the efficacy assessment for the biological control agent is methodology to determine deterioration and diagnostics. Critical parameters that affect biological control efficacy in the field from our experience are as follows: 1. Cause of the deleterious condition, including presence of deleterious organism(s) and/or the environment in which they thrive. 2. Biochemical activity and growth characteristics of the biological control agent, what we call BioActivity. 3. The wood resource and the environment in which it needs to be controlled.

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