Your search resulted in 838 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Preliminary investigation on the natural durability of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum)-based wood products
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40154
Conventional preservatives used to protect wood from insect and microbial damages are presently of major concern to human health and the environment. Finding alternative and economical preservatives has not been successful. Previous studies have shown that the resinous material extracted from the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) has both insect- and microbial-resistant properties. Unfor...
F S Nakayama, P Chow, D S Bajwa, J A Youngquist, J H Muehl, A M Krzysik
Preliminary evaluation of new quaternary ammonia compound, didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate for preventing fungal decay and termite attack
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30375
This study evaluates the decay and termite resistance of wood treated with didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF), a recently developed quaternary ammonia compound containing boron. DBF contains boric tetrafluoride as a counter ion in its chemical structure. Laboratory decay resistance tests were performed using brown-rot fungus, Fomitopsis palustris and white-rot fungus, Trametes versi...
S N Kartal, W J Hwang, Y Imamura
Feeding response of field populations of Coptotermes species to softwood blocks treated with non-toxic water-proofing and anti-microbial products.
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10487
The feeding response of field populations of the subterranean termite, Coptotermes lacteus, to Pinus radiata wood blocks (50 x 40 x40 mm) treated with various combinations of non-toxic and odourless water-proofing materials based on natural high molecular weight esters (TimberTreatÒ) and a new water insoluble quaternary ammonium compound (‘anti-microbial’) is described. Treated wood blocks we...
J R J French, T Pynsent, M Susic
Oral toxicity of TIM-BOR®, Bora-Careä, boric acid and ethylene glycol against the formosan subterrean termite and easter subterrean termite
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10045
Oral toxicities (LD50) of boric acid, TIM-BOR® (disodium octaborate tetrahydrate: DOT) and BORA-CAREä (40% DOT in ethylene glycol) and ethylene glycol (ca. 80% monoethylene and ca. 20% polyethylene glycol) were estimated. Oral toxicities of BORA-CAREä were significantly higher (LD50: 256.2 µg/g DOT and 304.9 mg/g BAE) than TIM-BOR® alone (LD50: 408.2 µg/g DOT and 485.7 µg/g BAE); indicating...
M Tokoro, N-Y Su
Soft-rot testing. Memo to CEN
1983 - IRG/WP 2206 A
1. Development of a single test procedure to assess performance of preservatives against soft rot fungi is an ideal that cannot be realised at present, if results are to be both reproducible between laboratories and pertinent to the practical requirements of individual countries.
2. Consensus opinion amongst members of Sub Group I - Soft rot tests, of Working Group II - Fundamentals of Testing, of the IRG, is that the immediate needs of CEN would be best answered by: (a) a code of recommended practice, (b) a multiplicity of test procedures, and (c) a degree of flexibility in test procedures.
3. The code of recommended practice should recognise the need for: (a) a pure culture, synthetic medium (sand or vermiculite + nutrients), single wood species test to be adopted by all laboratories as a common reference point of testing, (b) mixed inoculum and/or unsterile soil laboratory or fungus cellar tests which account for local variations in the fungal flora, (c) incorporation of a range of wood species where applicable (i.e. where mixed hardwoods comprise the main resource), (d) provision of local internal standards of known performance under field conditions, (e) incorporation of leaching procedures other than standard methods with deionized water (e.g. mild acid, milk alkali, ionic solutions of various salts) where applicable to local exposure conditions, (f) precise definition of the criteria used for establishing toxic thresholds (mass loss, strength loss, microscopic examination).
4. Initial screening tests should remain the province of the individual research worker.
5. The code of recommended practice should have the sole purpose of establishing provisional retention levels for subsequent confirmation by field trial.
6. IRG should list and approve test procedures considered adequate to establish toxic thresholds for preservatives against soft rot fungi.
7. It should be clearly understood that when using a series of test techniques, it is inevitable that a range of toxic thresholds will be obtained for the same preservative.
8. Guidelines should be drawn up for interpretation of test data for subsequent transformation to provisional retention levels.
9. Adoption of the broad principles outlines above is recognition of the dynamic nature of toxic thresholds. The additional information obtained by a more flexible, and complex, approach to testing may make interpretation more difficult but should provide data from which response of preservatives to varying biological and environmental hazards can be more realistically assessed.
10. It is recommended that CEN adopt, in principle, the basic philosophy of testing outlined above and move towards formulation of a Working Document in collaboration with IRG
J A Butcher, D J Dickinson
The ground proximity decay test method
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20205
A decay field test method, which has been recently proposed for the standardization by the AWPA, is described for evaluating the relative performance of wood samples in a severe above ground situation exposed to the weather. Data is presented on the relative performance of untreated control samples and standard preservative systems exposed at the same site at different time periods, or at differen...
A F Preston, P J Walcheski, K J Archer, A R Zahora, L Jin
Practical considerations of the Formosan subterranean termite in Louisiana: A 50-year-old problem
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10330
In an eleven-year censusing (1989 through 1999) in the French Quarter of New Orleans and surrounding areas, Coptotermes formosanus alate numbers were found to be increasing dramatically in all years but one. Moreover, in parks and neighborhoods in New Orleans and Lake Charles, LA, as well as in Sam Houston Jones State Park near Lake Charles surveyed in 1998, alarmingly high numbers of this exotic ...
G Henderson
Termite resistance of treated wood in an above-ground field test
1985 - IRG/WP 2241
A field test method has been developed for evaluating the susceptibility of wood products to termites in protected situations above ground. In this method fungal attack on the wood products is minimal, though decay has been observed in conjunction with termite attack in some specimens. Preliminary results from exposure of replicate wood samples treated with preservatives in Florida to Reticuliterm...
A F Preston, P A McKaig, P J Walcheski
Durability of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN ) wood treated in high temperature liquid paraffin
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40221
Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN )wood was subject to a heat treatment in high-temperature liquid paraffin for the purpose of improving the resistance against fungi and termites without chemicals. The bath of paraffin liquid, which can provide a uniform heat transfer (±2?), was used at temperatures of 90?,120?and 150?.?ecay resistance according to JIS K 15711) was evaluated using a brown rot fungu...
Y Matsuoka, W Ohmura, S Fujiwara, Y Kanagawa
Permeability measurements on surface layers for detecting wood with abnormally high permeability
1988 - IRG/WP 2298
Wet storage of timber during the warm period of the year may lead to an increased permeability of the wood, an undesirable phenomenon for several wood industries and also for many end-uses. Neither before nor after drying, such wood with "wet storage damage" can be visually distinguished from wood with a normal permeability. A non-destructive method for inspecting the permeability of surface layer...
J B Boutelje, G Hägglund
Glue-line additives for protecting plywood. A review
1978 - IRG/WP 2102
The conclusions of this review are: 1) Insecticidal glue-line additives can be used satisfactorily to protect plywood against insect attack. 2) It is uncertain, in spite of some claims, wether fungicidal glue-line additives can be similarly used to protect plywood against fungi under damp conditiones. There is a need for further work to validate the mycological tests that may be used to investigat...
R Cockcroft
Termite resistance of treated wood in an above-ground field test
1986 - IRG/WP 1300
This paper provides an update on the results from an above ground field test evaluating the effectiveness of wood preservatives against subterranean termites. Results for the one and two year inspections of treated southern pine sapwood exposed in Hawaii to Coptotermes formosanus are presented. Chromated copper arsenate is providing excellent protection as is the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Borate an...
A F Preston, P A McKaig, P J Walcheski
A field study on the suitability of the European lap-joint test
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20239
Within the framework of the European SM&T Research Project "Co-normative research on field tests for wood preservatives out of ground contact in conjunction with methods for preconditioning test specimens prior to test" (FACT) one aim was to establish the suitability of the European lap-joint test (as it is described in ENV 12037:1996) to assess wood preservatives in the field in EHC 3. Scots ...
M Grinda, Ö Bergman, H-V Borck, D Dickinson, P Esser, R Gründlinger, H Leithoff, S Molnar, L Paajanen, N Pfabigan, E D Suttie, F Thomassin, T Nilsson, J Van Acker, M Van Der Zee, A Voss
The effect of moisture content on the electrical resistance of timber as detected by a pulsed current reistance meter (Shigometer)
1984 - IRG/WP 2212
The literature concerning the use of the Shigometer® for detecting decay in standing trees and wood poles is reviewed and the differences of opinion over the effect of timber moisture content on electrical resistance are highlighted. A simple experiment designed to test this effect is described and the implications of the results for testing poles in service are discussed. There was a large diffe...
P I Morris, D J Dickinson
Accelerated testing for out of ground contact using natural biological preconditioning: Part 2
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20108
Small blocks of scots pine sapwood were treated, buried in vermiculite and exposed to natural microbial colonisation during outdoor exposure prior to laboratory decay testing. An EN 84-type leach trial was carried out on unexposed samples. Periodic microbial isolations, moisture content, permeability and weight loss tests were also conducted. The experiment ran for 12 months. The colonisation of t...
S Molnar, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
Influence of the content of organic matter of soil on the degradation of wood by soft rot fungi
1970 - IRG/WP 27
The degradation of wood specimen burried in the soil by soft rot fungi is influenced by a number of factors. These are in particular the water holding capacity, water content, content of organic matter, pH, content of mineral nutritive substances etc. The results of the interlaboratory tests, carried out within the IRG/WP let presume that the intensity of wood degradation occurs proportionally inv...
O Wälchli
Foraging patterns of termite species in the living complexes of Bangkanoon forest plantation, Phuket province, Southern Thailand
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10481
Studies on foraging patterns of termite species in the living complexes of Bankanoon Forest Plantation, Phuket Province, southern Thailand, gave result of 11 species of subterranean termites (Coptotermes gestroi, Microtermes obesi, Macrotermes gilvus, Macrotermes carbonarius, Macrotermes anandalei, Odontotermes feae, Odontotermes proformosanus, Hypotermes makhamensis, Globitermes sulphureus, Micro...
Y Sornnuwat, C Vongkaluang, S Chutibhapakorn
Moisture content and other tested values in. Double layer tests of different size in Lithuania and Germany
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20299
The paper presents measurement results of moisture content and the analysis of durability trial of double layer wood in variants of varying size, conducted in Girionys, Kaunas distr., Lithuania and in Hamburg, Germany. In this trial 3 sample sets of varying size, containing 25, 50 and 100 specimens, are used. The aim of this trial is to ascertain an optimal number of test specimens. The dynamics o...
J Saladis, A O Rapp
Melamine resins as preservatives results of biological testing
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40061
Based on previous work of the authors on resins, the upgrading of wood with a true solution of a methanol etherificated melamine resin in low aqueous concentration was performed. For the relative assessment of the biological resistance against brown and white-rot fungi were used not only untreated controls of pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), but also heartwood of European larch (Larix decidua M...
A O Rapp, R-D Peek
Termite physical barriers: update on retrofitting Granitgard™ around 'mock-up' buildings after five years
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10226
This field experiment was installed five years ago (March 1992) to evaluate the effectiveness of graded crushed granite stone, commercially marketed under the name Granitgard™, as a physical barrier when retrofitted around 'mock-up' buildings. The field site is located at Walpeup in the semi-arid mallee region of north-west Victoria (360 km from Melbourne), and there are eight ...
J R J French, B M Ahmed
A review of the current status of the estimation of emissions from preserved wood and their use in the environmental risk assessment of wood preservatives under the Biocidal Products Directive
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-7
A review and update of the status of the issues concerning the estimation of emissions from preserved wood (e.g. amendments to the proposed ‘OECD Guidelines’), and the environmental risk assessment of wood preservatives under the Biocidal Products Directive (e.g. compartmental sizes, emissate ecotoxicity testing)....
E F Baines
The use of lap-joints in natural durability testing: moisture content development during 36 months outside exposure trials
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20217
Lap-joint trials (following European Standard ENV 12037) were set up with 11 different softwood and hardwood species. The main aim was to evaluate the suitability of this test standard (developed for testing wood preservative effectiveness) for natural durability testing. The moisture development has been followed during a 36 months period. In this paper, the outcomes of different moisture content...
H Militz, C J Bloom
Collaborative soft rot tests: Specific gravity loss resulting from soft rot
1973 - IRG/WP 227
It was proposed at the 5th meeting of Working Group II of the IRG in June 1973 in Lahti, Finland, that the specific gravity (swollen volume basis) of test blocks used in the IRG Collaborative Soft Rot Tests should be determined on all the blocks at the completion of the exposure period. Specific gravity determined on the basis of the oven dry weight and water swollen volume was selected because (1...
C R Levy
Suppression of termite feeding by Sudan red 7B
1988 - IRG/WP 1344
Groups of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were fed for 14 days on wood shavings soaked in acetone solutions of one of three concentrations (0, 0.5, or 1%) of the dye, Sudan Red 7B. Groups of marked or unmarked termites were then placed in containers and allowed to feed on undyed wood for 21 days. Dyed termites had lower wood feeding rate, survivorship, and number...
K S Delaplane, L A Bourg, J P La Fage
Co-operative tests concerning the influence of solvent and drying method on the toxic limit of wood preservatives against Coniophora cerebella
1972 - IRG/WP 216
In the working group II of the IRG it was agreed that more knowledge was necessary concerning the influence of the solvent on the toxic limit of organic solvent types of wood preservatives against Basidiomycetes. A test program was drawn up and after discussion in the mentioned working group the final program was accepted by the co-operating institutes in 1969. In the test program two fungicides, ...
T Hof