Subterranean termite protection in Australia has traditionally relied upon the creation of a zone of poisoned soil under and around the structure to prevent termite attack from the ground. The transition away from persistent soil poisons which began with the withdrawal of cyclodienes in 1995 provided market opportunities for innovative barrier systems. The new barrier systems currently being used in Australia can be split into two groups: (i) non toxic physical barriers which exclude termites through the use of impenetrable materials and (ii), toxic chemical barriers which do not use the traditional hand-spray to soil application method.