Due to its natural abundance, complete biodegradability and excellent properties, cellulose is one of the most promising materials for the production of bio composites, as well as one of the most promising fillers for biodegradable polymer composites. This is also true for nanocellulose. A large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of fibers or fibrils enables a whole series of chemical reactions and thus chemical modification of the (nano)cellulose. Chemical modification of the surface of (nano)cellulose in order to improve the compatibility between hydrophilic cellulose and hydrophobic polymer has long been a hot topic in the literature. In this review, we present the research activities of our research team in recent years. Two important reactions in the chemical modification of nanocellulose, namely the esterification reaction and the oxidation reaction, are presented, focusing on the possibilities of using modified cellulose nanofibrils for the preparation of various types of composites and to study the influence of modified nanocellulose on the mechanical and optical properties of bionanocomposites. Some possibilities for the use of the prepared bionanocomposites are proposed.

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