Your search resulted in 974 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Controlled deposition of copper nanoparticles using wood inherent architecture as natural template
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40783
…with controlled shapes and sizes. In this study, copper nanoparticles were synthesized with controlled shapes and sizes using poplar wood as the natural inexpensive and renewable templates. The crystal structure and morphologies of the copper nanoparticles were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and…
Youming Dong, Kaili Wang, Yutao Yan, Jianzhang Li, M Hughes, Shifeng Zhang
Borate and Copper Naphthenate Dual Treatment of Bridge Timbers-Borate movement over time
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40795
…borate treated, and then Boulton seasoned and treated with copper naphthenate at a commercial tie treatment plant in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Retention and location of borate within the wood was tested at 3, 14 and 40 weeks after the treatment. It appeared that borate continued to diffuse inside of the tie and would…
J-W Kim, J D Lloyd
Dual Borate and Copper Naphthenate Treatment of Bridge Timbers:- Potential Performance Enhancements and Cost Savings
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40797
…as well as field test data for both creosote and copper naphthenate. These were used to estimate potential future service life. Estimates on life expectancy with added borates were also made from published data on performance.
Cost benefit analysis based on creosote and copper naphthenate costs as well as…
J Lloyd, C Brischke, R Bennett, A Taylor
A Green and Novel Technology for Recovering Copper and Wood from Treated Wood Waste – Part II: Optimization, copper metal recovery, and process design
2017 - IRG/WP 17-50326
The US consumes 70 million pounds of copper and produces 580 million cubic feet treated wood annually. The EPA disallows burning and reusing treated wood waste due to health/environmental concerns. Vast quantities of copper and wood are landfilled. Two safe and low cost extraction systems,…
S Chen, R Patel
Review of Leaching Experiments of CCA-Treated Wood and Wood Treated with Copper-based Alternatives
2017 - IRG/WP 17-50330
…The preservatives compared included CCA and the copper-based alternatives, MCQ, ACQ, and MCA. The tests compared included AWPA E11, SPLP, TCLP, and environmental leaching tests. Among all of the tests evaluated, environmental tests most closely simulate natural environments. Compared to environmental tests…
A Jones, J Marini, H Solo-Gabriele
Uncertainty in life cycle assessment of preservative treated wood – copper and freshwater ecotoxicity
2017 - IRG/WP 17-50331
…uncertainty of CF can have. For freshwater ecotoxicity of copper, the study finds that the site-dependent uncertainty of CF are very important and can dominate the LCA of treated wood.
L G F Tellnes
The copper-transporting ATPase pump and its potential role in copper-tolerance
2016 - IRG/WP 16-10859
Copper-tolerant brown-rot decay fungi exploit intricate mechanisms to neutralize the efficacy of copper-containing preservative formulations. The production and accumulation of oxalate is the most widely recognized theory regarding the mechanism of…
K M Ohno, C A Clausen, F Green III, G Stanosz
Release of Copper from Pressure Treated Wood
2016 - IRG/WP 16-20584
Micronized copper based wood preservatives including micronized copper quat (MCQ) and micronized copper azole (MCA) have been introduced commercially to the North American market since 2006 as alternatives to alkaline copper quat (ACQ) or soluble copper azole (CA)…
Jun Zhang, J Horton
Performance of copper treated poles and posts after three to fifteen years of exposure
2016 - IRG/WP 16-20595
Copper based wood preservatives are one of the most important wood preservatives for heavy-duty applications. Wood treated with copper-based preservatives performs excellent if applied according to preservative specifications. If used improperly premature…
M Humar, N Thaler
Evidence for a role for precipitated copper on the chemistry of micronized copper treatments
2016 - IRG/WP 16-30690
Micronized copper preservative treatments of softwoods, result in mobile copper being formed by reaction of the basic copper carbonate (BCC) with the carboxylic acid functional groups in hemicellulose and pectic substances present in wood. Typically, the amount of…
Wei Xue, P Kennepohl, J N R Ruddick
State of Nanocopper Fixation by Steam-Densification
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40723
…on leachability and dimensional stability of nanocopper impregnated poplar (Popolus alba). Wood samples were impregnated with nanocopper suspension (200 and 400 ppm) for 20 minutes under 4 bar pressure. Steaming process was done before densification at 150°C for 2 hour. Radial densification (33%) was done…
G Rassam, A Talaei, A Ahmadi
Development of a new method for wood hydrophobizing and fixation of copper compounds by chemical hardening of vegetable based modified oils
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40754
…before the oil treatment. Secondly, an organic oil soluble copper soap (Cu octanoate) was incorporated directly into the oil component. It could be verified, that the oil can be hardened completely in 1cm depth of beech wood specimens after a 24-hours lasting treatment in an laboratory autoclave with oxygen at 70°C.…
C Swaboda, M Fischer, K Jacobs
Evaluation of color and gloss in decorative applied to cases of Pinus radiata wood impregnated (D. Don) copper type C azole micronized
2015 - IRG/WP 15-20571
…were applied to radiata pine wood treated with micronized copper azole (uCA-C), for outdoor use (R3) at a rate of 3.08 kg/m3 retention (T2). One decoration coating was applied before impregnation treatment: Prestain P (T3), and two, were applied in mixture with the uCA-C preservative Black Cylinder (T5) and Red…
R Garay, M Inostroza
A Green and Novel Technology for Recovering Copper and Wood from Treated Waste - Part I
2015 - IRG/WP 15-50309
…service life. The US consumes about 70 million pounds of copper and produces about 7 billion board feet of treated wood annually. Burning and reusing CCA and copper treated wood wastes are disallowed by US EPA due to health and environmental concerns. Millions of pounds of copper and wood are disposed by landfill…
S Chen
Environmental Fate of Micronized Copper
2015 - IRG/WP 15-50310
…Previous studies have assessed the exposure to chromated copper (Cu) arsenate, but there is a lack of information on the use of micronized copper (MC), which contain basic Cu carbonate particles with a size range between 1 nm and 250 μm. Former studies assessed leaching of Cu from MC- treated wood. We assessed the…
C Civardi, L Schlagenhauf, J Benz, C Hirsch, J Van den Bulcke, M Schubert, J Van Acker, P Wick,
Effect of exposure site on metal migration from copper azole, alkaline copper quat or chromated copper arsenate treated southern pine decking
2015 - IRG/WP 15-50313
Metal migration from chromated copper arsenate, copper azole or alkaline copper quaternary compound treated southern pine lumber was assessed at sites in Mississippi and Oregon. Metal levels tended to be consistently higher in decks exposed in Mississippi. Rainfall characteristics did…
J J Morrell, H M Barnes
The effects of copper proximity on oxalate production in Fibroporia radiculosa
2014 - IRG/WP 14-10823
Copper remains a key component used in wood preservatives available today. However, the observed tolerance of several critical wood rotting organisms continues to be problematic. Tolerance to copper has been linked to the production and accumulation of…
K M Jenkins, C A Clausen, F Green III
Effectiveness of Copper Indicators in Treated Wood Exposed to Copper Tolerant Fungi
2014 - IRG/WP 14-20554
Wood treated with a copper based wood preservative will typically turn a green color. While the depth of copper penetration can be readily discerned from the green color of the copper it is standard practice in research and commercial treating plants to make use of a color…
L Jin, K Brown, A Zahora, K Archer
Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate Preservative Treated Wood Ties Their Performance in Testing and Track
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30636
While not a new preservative system, Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA), had not previously been used to protect crossties. Its performance in treating difficult or refractory species of wood has been documented through its wide range of uses approved in AWPA. The establishment of appropriate testing…
T Carey
Cost effective extension of service life of bridge tie (sleepers) - Effectively applying borate during Boulton conditioning and treatment with copper naphthenate
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30637
…possible to apply borate as part of a dual treatment with copper naphthenate, in order to increase the service life of wooden bridge timbers at minimal additional cost.
Green hardwood ties were ported, borate treated, and then Boulton treated with copper naphthenate at a commercial tie treatment plant in…
J D Lloyd, T Chambers, J-W Kim
Copper naphthenate treatment for wood crossties and timbers
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30647
Copper naphthenate (CuN) has a long history in wood preservation and is recently finding increased usage as a treatment for wooden crossties and timbers. One of the principal reasons that CuN has gained market acceptance, in addition to its efficacy against…
J Brient
Chemistry of copper preservative treated wood
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30651
The reaction chemistry of micronized copper wood preservatives is fundamentally different from any previous inorganic preservative system. In order to study the chemistry, analytical procedures had to be developed which allowed the determination of the total copper as well as the copper which…
Wei Xue, P Kennepohl, J N R Ruddick
Copper and chromium leaching from wood impregnated with chromium-copper containing preservatives: Results of different studies
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50300
Copper and chromium based wood preservatives remained one of the most important ingredients for wood protection solutions for protection of wood in demanding applications all-over the world. Leaching of heavy metals from treated wood is important from two…
M Humar, N Thaler, E Melcher
Migration of copper from copper naphthenate treated Douglas-fir poles during storage
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50302
…repairs. The potential for preservative migration from copper naphthenate treated poles in storage was evaluated over a 2 year period. Copper was always present in rainfall runoff from the poles at levels mostly ranging from 2 to 12 ppm. Neither rainfall amount nor the interval between rainfall events had a…
C S Love, C M Freitag, J J Morrell
Hydroponic Phytoremediation of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and Copper Contaminated Water
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50304
…simulated aqueous environment contaminated with Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and copper sulfate was studied in a controlled laboratory experiment. The duckweed and parrotfeather’s tissues were analyzed to evaluate the removal of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) from CCA contaminated water (125 mg/L…
C Keith, H Borazjani, S Diehl, Y Su, Fengxian Han, B Baldwin