Your search resulted in 822 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Durability of different heat treated materials from industrial processes in ground contact
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40312
…different European industrial heat treatment processes in ground contact was examined. The manufacturers of heat treated material were: PLATO Hout B.V./Netherlands, Thermo Wood/Finland, New Option Wood/France and Menz Holz/Germany where Oil-Heat treated Wood (OHT) is produced.
All heat treated materials showed…
C R Welzbacher, A O Rapp
The full guideline for the “double layer test method” - A field test method for determining the durability of wood out of ground
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20290
…a test method for wood to be exposed to the weather out of ground contact. The main objective of the method is to evaluate the durability of wood in above ground exposure as shifted overlaid stakes, which form the so called double layer.
The method is applicable to the testing of untreated, treated and modified…
A O Rapp, U Augusta
An engineering model for the decay of timber in ground contact
2003 - IRG/WP 03-20260
…was developed by analysing data obtained from 5000 in-ground stakes placed around Australia. These stakes were located on 5 sites and were studied over a period of 30 years. Some more widely dispersed short term tests were also undertaken. The tests comprised untreated timber of 77 species (both hardwoods and…
R H Leicester, C-H Wang, M N Nguyen, J D Thornton, G Johnson, D Gardner, G C Foliente, C MacKenzie
Natural durability of European wood species for exterior use above ground
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10499
…well-documented data on the durability of wood species in ground contact exist, which form the basis of the standard EN 350-2:1995. Yet, we have, however, no useful documentation for the natural durability of wood, when used outdoors above ground. The study is large-scale field trials, including more than 30…
B Lindegaard, N Morsing
Soft Rot Decay of Cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) Heartwood in Ground Contact in Relation to Extractive Microdistribution
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10501
…pole specimen of cengal heartwood, after 30 years in ground contact, showed 10-15 mm surface decay all around the ground line position, accompanied with isolated surface termite attack at the decayed region. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the decayed regions provided evidence of wood cell…
A P Singh, A H H Wong, Yoon Soo Kim, Seung-Gon Wi, Kwang Ho Lee
Efficacy of copper:propiconazole and copper:citrate systems in ground contact exposure at a site with copper tolerant fungi
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30305
…levels plus citric acid at 38% of the CuO level. These ground-contact stakes were installed at a test plot which has copper tolerant fungi, and inspected regularly for fungal and termite degradation. At the most recent inspection, the copper azole stakes had been exposed for 118 months and the copper citrate…
D D Nicholas, T Schultz
International comparison of three field methods for assessing the in-ground resistance of preservative-treated and untreated wood to termites and fungal decay – Summary of observations after five years
2003 - IRG/WP 03-20261
…the USA. Three methods of exposure were assessed (below-ground, graveyard and ground contact) for evaluating the in-ground termite and decay resistance of Pinus radiata D. Don sapwood stakes that had been vacuum pressure impregnated with CCA (Type C) and ACQ (Type D) each at two nominal retentions (2 and 4 kg/m3),…
M Lenz, J W Creffield, T A Evans, B M Kard, C Vongkaluang, Y Sornnuwat, A F Preston
Alternatives to CCA for ground contact protection of timber: a perspective from UK on performance and service life expectations
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30289
…particularly under the high hazard conditions of ground contact. This is because, although industry can offer alternative products which are approved for use on the basis of laboratory and indicative field tests, these alternatives are often more costly, behave somewhat differently and do not have the same…
E D Suttie, A F Bravery, T B Dearling
Bethoguard; A new wood protecting fungicide for use in metal free ground contact wood preservatives
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30301
…the control of soft rot decay in wood in soil contact has proven to be most problematic.
The new organic biocide, Bethoguard; an oxathiazine, has demonstrated excellent potential for these end uses and has shown particularly good soft rot performance in both laboratory and simulated field exposure…
S C Forster, G R Williams, M Van Der Flaas, M Bacon, J Gors
Fungus cellar testing as an evaluation method for performance of treated timber in ground contact
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20227
…accelerated evaluation of performance of treated wood in ground contact is described. The test soil comprised of sandy loam, vermiculite and Japanese horticulture soil "Kanumatsuchi" in a ratio of 6:2:2 by volume. The soil was inoculated with the dominant test fungus isolated with selective medium from decayed wood…
Y Nagano
Effect of climate, species, preservative concentration and water repellent on leaching from CCA-treated lumber exposed above ground
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50178
…chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from treated wood in above ground exposures due to the assumption that leaching is less severe compared to wood in continuous contact with soil or water. However, a significant portion of CCA treated wood is used for above ground applications, exposing considerable volumes of the…
J L Taylor, P A Cooper
Long term performance of CCA preservatives in ground contact
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30223
…in New Zealand since the mid-1950s for a wide range of ground contact uses, radiata pine being the main species treated. They have been the subject of a comprehensive field testing programme in up to five sites in New Zealand, the earliest tests being established in 1955. Main factors affecting performance have…
M E Hedley, D R Page, B E Patterson
Soluble nutrient content in wood and its susceptibility to fungal discoloration and decay in above ground and ground tests
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10336
…tests were carried out including pure culture above and ground contact tests, above ground field test and laboratory ground contact tests. The samples containing soluble sugars and nitrogen were more susceptible to mould discoloration than those poor in nutrients. A laboratory test with the fungus Penicillium…
O M Caballero, N Terziev
The remaining concentration of inorganic wood preservative components in EN 252 stakes after ground contact
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50159
In order to determine the biological efficiency and the remaining concentration of different inorganic and organic active ingredients during service, EN 252 specimens were impregnated with 3 copper based wood preservatives. The stakes were installed in the tes…
E Melcher, H-W Wegen
International comparison of three field methods for assessing the in-ground termite resistance of materials - highlights after two years
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20157
…results of a comparative study, evaluating the in-ground termite resistance of a range of materials, including CCA and ACQ-treated timbers, using the below-ground exposure, ground contact and graveyard methods against diverse termite faunas were provided in IRG/WP/98-20132. Further annual inspections have…
M Lenz, J W Creffield, A F Preston, B M Kard, C Vongkaluang, Y Sornnuwat
The use of organic wood preservatives in ground contact and the suitability of laboratory test procedures to determine their efficacy
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20175
…as a stand alone preservative, particularly when used in ground contact (European Hazard class 4). Previous research, using the test methods of ENV 807 (1993), provided conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of propiconazole when used in a ground contact situation, with the preservative appearing effective…
I J Herring, D J Dickinson
Durability and molecular analysis of fungal communities in wood exposed above ground
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11068
…study was to explore the durability of wood exposed above ground, comprising a wide diversity of wood species and treatments and extensive assessment data on wood durability in ongoing long-term testing. Larch species and Scots pine heartwood, two tropical species ntholo and ncurri and a number of treated wood by…
N Högberg, D Panov, G Daniel, N Terziev
Natural and enhanced durability of wood exposed above ground
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11079
…applications. To address this need, the "Wood Above Ground" project was initiated in 1999 at the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) to investigate the natural durability of wood species under a wide range of above-ground exposure scenarios. This extensive, long-term study involves over 1,700 test specimens,…
R Digaitis, J Stenbaek, A W Christof, N Morsing, B Lindegaard
Real-time evaluation of connected in-ground termite stations in laboratory colonies of Coptotermes gestroi and Prorhinotermes sp.
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11082
…This study evaluates the effectiveness of connected in-ground stations for termite control, incorporating an advanced electronic device developed and patented by Groupe Berkem (Novaterm®). These stations are linked to a gateway unit that collects the detected signals and transmits them remotely via a 4G network.…
M Butin, F Chopinet, S Savriama, D Messaoudi
Comparison of three methods for assessing the in-ground termite resistance of treated timber, durable timber and plastics at sites in Australia, USA and Thailand - First results
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20132
The in-ground resistance of materials to attack by subterranean termites is most commonly assessed with one form or another of the conventional graveyard method, despite the significant shortcomings of this method. In Australia, an alternative method, in which all…
M Lenz, A F Preston, J W Creffield, K J Archer, B M Kard, C Vongkaluang, Y Sornnuwat
Development of threshold values for boron compounds in above ground exposures: Preliminary trials
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30179
…accurate thresholds for boron in wood exposed in non-soil contact, we evaluated the ability of hyphal fragments of two fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor to colonize and decay sapwood and heartwood blocks of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) treated to retentions between 0.03 and 0.46% boron oxide…
J J Morrell, C M Freitag, S Unger
Leaching of components from CCF treated timber in ground contact
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50108
…wood preservatives and after fixation brought into ground contact for several years. After failing some of the broken down stakes were used to determine the remaining concentration of relevant ions and their distribution in different segments of the stakes.
As expected the content of the components in the…
E Melcher
Wood above ground project – Results and future plans
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11041
In 2000, the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) initiated an extensive study to investigate the natural durability of wood. The study involved exposing wood in various orientations to assess its performance. A total of 35 wood material types were exposed at…
A W Christof, R Digaitis, P Fynholm, J Stenbaek, N Morsing, B Lindegaard
Effectivity of zinc borate in medium density fiberboard (MDF) for ground proximity testing
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20723
Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is one of the most used and versatile wood composites. Most of its use has been focused on interior applications. Adhesives such as p-MDI (polymeric methyl diphenyl diisocyanate) provide MDF with a better performance against moi…
S M Vega Gutierrez, T Olivadoti
Evaluation of the water exclusion ability and inherent bioactivity of heartwood against decay in Japanese and European wood species via above-ground exposure and water absorption tests
2024 - IRG/WP 24-40998
…the contribution of each factor to wood durability, above-ground exposure tests were conducted on Japanese and European wood species. A double-layer test was carried out using heartwood specimens of four wood species, i.e., Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, Scots pine, and Norway spruce in Akita Prefecture (40°N,…
T Osawa, R Noda, K Yamamoto