Your search resulted in 70 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The field performance of CCA-C treated sawn refractory softwoods from North America
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40085
Approximately 15% of the total volume of wood treated in the United States consists of difficult to treat softwoods known as "refractory softwoods". The long term positive performance record of CCA treated sawn material is based upon the testing of yellow pine sapwood stakes with only limited field data available for sawn refractory softwoods. As a result, the existing North American wood preserva...
M J Richards, W S McNamara
A Review of Radial Flow of the Refractory Softwoods: An Example of Sitka Spruce
2011 - IRG/WP 11-40564
As one of the refractory softwood species, the major problems in the preservative treatment of spruce based on the radial flow relate to the anatomical structure of the wood material. The most important morphological features influencing this were the amount of the nature and the condition of both ray tracheids and ray parenchyma cells, and the cross-field pits in particular. The conducting pathwa...
Ilker Usta, Radovan Despot
Which fungi cause sapstain in Canadian softwoods?
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10285
The Canadian forest products industry suffers considerable losses in revenue due to fungal stains. There is an increased awareness that more complete knowledge about the causal organisms might help solve the problem. A first step was to initiate a thorough survey of bluestain fungi in Canada. Systematic sampling was done at seven selected sawmills in six Canadian provinces. In summer 1997 fresh lo...
A Uzunovic, Dian-Qing Yang, P Gagné, C Breuil, L Bernier, A Byrne
Microbiological degradation of wooden piles in building foundations
1988 - IRG/WP 1370
White rot, soft rot and bacterial attack have been detected in softwood piles under buildings. In some cases bacteria were found to be the main degradation organisms in the studied piles. The water content of degraded piles was very high. The compression strength was quite low also in the piles deteriorated by bacteria. The density of wood was very variable, and the degree of degradation could not...
L Paajanen, H Viitanen
Natural durability transfer from sawmill residues of white cypress (Callitris glaucophylla). - Part 3: Full penetration of the refractory sapwood of white cypress
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40167
The heartwood of white cypress, Callitris glaucophylla, is renowned for its termite resistance and durability against decay. The sapwood, which can represent up to 30% of log volume, is non-durable and refractory to conventional preservative treatment. Previous work ascribes the lack of permeability to oily deposits within tracheids and ray cells. Environmental scanning electron microscopy was use...
M J Kennedy, L M Stephens, M A Powell
A review of the configuration of bordered pits to stimulate the fluid flow
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40315
As the bordered pits have generally been thought to have an influence on the refractory nature of softwoods, structural behaviour of this conducting pathways is discussed according to the published literature. Various theories on the role of bordered pits to axial flow are expounded in respect to preservative treatment. Pit aspiration is also reviewed....
I Usta
Field tests out of ground contact in France: Definition of the test procedure and preliminary results after 18 months
1981 - IRG/WP 2161
M Fougerousse
Recent soft-rot research in softwoods and hardwoods
1980 - IRG/WP 1108
The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the current status of our research on soft-rot fungi. The work to be discussed is still in progress and any results described must be regarded as provisional....
J A Butcher
Report of the meetings of the Refractory Timbers Sub-group, Rotorua, New Zealand, 15 & 17 May 1990
1990 - IRG/WP 3637
R J Murphy
Report of the meeting of the refractory timbers sub-group, Lappeenranta, Finland on 25 May 1989
1989 - IRG/WP 3561
The first meeting of this sub-group took place on Thursday 25 May and considered the following agenda: 1) Papers presented to the meeting "Performance of treated spruce in Canadian field test sites" by J.P.Hösli and E.E.Doyle, IRG/WP/3506 and "Performance of CCA treated spruce and pine in unsterilized soil" by A.J.Nurmi. 2) Future work areas for the sub-group 3) Membership of the sub-group 4) Cir...
R J Murphy
The performance of softwood species used as poles in Queensland
1985 - IRG/WP 1253
In Queensland, the conifer Pinus elliottii could provide material suitable for use as poles. Full size pole material has been readily treated with CCA with no significant loss in strength. Seasoning of logs prior to treatment requires particular attention in the wet tropical and sub-tropical regions of Queensland. Experimental and in service field tests have indicated excellent performance of CCA ...
L E Leightley
Performance of surface-treated hardwoods and softwoods out of ground contact
1990 - IRG/WP 3592
A number of fungicides were tested as brush treatments for protection of southern pine, Douglas-fir, maple, and red oak against decay above ground. Cross-brace and L-joint test units were treated just before assembly and exposed from 3-10 years. Untreated Douglas-fir cross-brace units were not decayed at either the Mississippi or Madison, WI, site. Untreated red oak cross-brace units were not deca...
T L Highley
Fungal defacement of water-stored softwoods
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10009
Sapstain, mould and basidiomycete defacement of untreated sawn boards of Scots and Corsican pine was recorded during a 14 week field trial. Boards were cut from freshly felled logs and from logs previously maintained under water sprinklers for 6 months and ca. 4 years. The incidence of sapstain defacement or the freshly felled wood was very servere aftcr 2 weeks and remained so throughout the boar...
M A Powell, R A Eaton
The biological natural durability of timber in ground contact
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20051
The BRE ground contact field trials for the determination of the biological natural durability of different timber species have recently been reviewed. The data obtained from these trials have been used to appraise the different ways in which natural durability may be expressed. It is concluded that the use of the mean as a method of assigning the timber to one of five durability classes may be ac...
G A Smith, R J Orsler
Investigations on the life cycle and nutrition of Criocephalus rusticus L
1974 - IRG/WP 127
The longhorn beetle Criocephalus rusticus L or Arhopalus rusticus (L) is widely distributed in Europe and Asia. It attacks softwoods. The primary host trees are pines, ie freshly felled, unbarked logs, dying standing trees and stumps. After feeding under the bark the larvae enter the sapwood and also the heartwood. Timber to be used for building purposes may be rendered useless by their tunnelling...
H Kühne
Maintaining the adoption of the equilibrium moisture content in timber by bifluorides under outdoor circumstance
1989 - IRG/WP 3541
A description is given of the practical application of bifluorides, f. ex. Diffusec in maintaining the adaption of the equilibrium moisture content in timber, as a result of a many years observation of treated timber under outdoor circumstances....
H F M Nijman
Draft of a monographic card for "Pole Fungus A". A paper for dicussion
1974 - IRG/WP 124
L Harmsen
Volumes and weights of different CCA-C treated wood poles, anchor logs and crossarms of REB at air dry condition
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40073
Researches revealed the unit volumes and weights at air-dry condition (12% MC) of different poles, anchor logs and crossarms species of REB from this world. The softwood products are lighter than hardwood products. Inversely the unit volumes of softwood poles are higher than those of hardwood poles. Red pine (Pinus resinosa), radiata pine (Pinus radiata), blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), fir (Abies ...
A K Lahiry
Susceptibility of harvested softwoods to infection by sap-staining fungi
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10435
In the UK a field study programme was carried out to compare the susceptibility of softwood timber from five different commercially important tree species to infection by sap-stain fungi. Logs cut from freshly felled Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Lodgepole pine (P. contorta var.
latifolia), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Norway spruce (P. abies) and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) were expo...
E J Young, R A Eaton, J F Webber
Influence of variable lignin content on brown rot decay of wood
1987 - IRG/WP 1320
Compilation of published data and new experiments with brown-rotting fungi on different timber species suggest that their decay activity, in contrast to soft rot and white rot fungi, is not greatly influenced by the type or amount of lignin present....
T Nilsson, G F Daniel
A behaviour of CCA penetration of fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) at different ramp times and constant vacuum/pressure applications
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40346
A behaviour of CCA penetration of Bornmulleriana fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) at different ramp times and constant vacuum/pressure applications was illustrated for the main flow directions by the experimental pictures....
I Usta, R Despot, M Hasan
An inclination incising technique for the preservative treatment of refractory timbers
1991 - IRG/WP 3664
An inclination incising technique for preservative treatment of refractory timbers was examined by changing cutting angle to the longitudinal direction of test specimen and by using different types of knife edge. Incised wood were impregnated locally into incisions with CCA solution by the specified local pressure process. Width and length of penetration areas of CCA solution were measured on long...
Y Nakamura, K Nishimoto
A technique for determinging the efficacy of wood preservatives for partially treated timber
1988 - IRG/WP 2322
A technique is described for determining the efficacy of wood preservatives either for certain wood species where a full penetration cannot be achieved by normal vacuum-pressure methods or for more permeable species to look at efficacy of treated zone in preventing decay of an untreated core. Both sapwood and heartwood planks of spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) were treated by CCA ...
A J Nurmi
The possible role of mobile CCA components in preventing spore germination in checked surfaces, in treated wood exposed above ground
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30263
Untreated check surfaces are often exposed in CCA-treated lumber of refractory species used above ground since, during weathering, some checks develop beyond the preservative penetrated zone. However, decay is seldom observed in these checks even after many years of exposure. It is hypothesized that minor amounts of mobile CCA preservative components redistribute during weathering into checks, and...
S Choi, J N R Ruddick, P I Morris
A prototypical needle-incisor for refractory timber
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40041
A needle-incisor was manufactured for trial. This machine has an incising mechanism that a set of needles held by a rotary plate incises timber which is moved toward the front simultaneously, and then another set of needles incises a new part of the timber. Timber is incised by recycling the process. Timber incised of 4400 incisons/m² with the depth of 56 mm by 2.8 mm-diameter needles on all the ...
A Yakuwa, H Endoh, M Mori, S Doi