Your search resulted in 1469 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Natural durability and anatomical features of teak (Tectona grandis) from plantations in Costa Rica
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10671
…grandis) possesses superior mechanical properties and durability and is thus frequently used as an alternative to impregnated timber in Europe. Demand on teak has resulted in severe exploitation of the tropical teak forests in recent decades, but today the imported timber originates mainly from plantations and…
U J Wolfsmayr, N Terziev, G Daniel
Study of natural durability of Spanish Eucalyptus globulus wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10617
…of Eucalyptus globulus is recommended, due to its high durability, in risk situations where attack by organisms is likely to occur. In Galicia this species has been used for many decades for timber structures, which are still used. However, European Standard EN-350-2 places Eucalyptus globulus in the worst…
D Lorenzo, M T Troya, M J Prieto, C Baso, M Touza
Comparative studies of natural durability of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) among the geographic cultivates
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10592
Variation of natural durability of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) (also known as Sugi) was investigated by accelerated tests for decay (Fomitopsis palustris (Berk. et Curt.) Murr.) and termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe) attacks on 13 clones of Sugi trees from…
I Usta, K Takata, S Doi
The natural durability of wood in different use classes - PART II
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10598
The natural durability of important European wood species has been tested on 3970 speci¬mens in field trials. The wood was exposed at five test sites in Germany with different climates, at each site in European use class 4 and 3 (with and without soil contact). Within…
A O Rapp, U Augusta, K Brandt
Testing durability of treated wood according to EN 252. Interpretation of data from Nordic test fields
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20341
…for treated wood in ground use there is a European standard, EN 252. The test shall run for five years before any formal interpretation of the results can be made.
Due to environmental concerns, the use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has been restricted in recent years. As…
M L Edlund, F G Evans, K Henriksen, T Nilsson
Natural durability of eight tropical hardwoods species from Africa
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10563
…information on physical, mechanical, treatability, and durability properties of these lesser-known species are necessary before they can be advertised as suitable replacements for current species.
This project investigates the natural durability to brown rot and white rot fungi of eight tropical commercial and…
P Nzokou, K Wehner, D P Kamdem
Above-Ground Durability Estimation in Australia. Results after 16 years exposure
2005 - IRG/WP 05-20314
…was established in 1987 to examine the above-ground durability of a selection of timbers that are commercially significant in Australia. Test samples were assembled in an L-Joint design and placed on exposure racks in a format to replicate joinery that is exposed to the weather above ground. Both painted and…
L P Francis, J Norton
Durability of pine modified by 9 different methods
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40288
…method. For laboratory testing in TMCs (modified European standard ENV 807) and pure basidiomycete culture bioassays, smaller test specimens were cut from the modified wood blocks. Most of the modification methods were applied on test specimens for marine field testing (EN 275) and some methods to produce…
M Westin, A O Rapp, T Nilsson
Evaluation of the natural durability and ultrasonic method for decay detection of some european hardwood and softwood species
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10537
…presents the first part of an investigation on the natural durability of mixed plywood made of durable and non durable plies from the following selected timbers : Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus sempervirens, Castanea sativa, Populus sp. I 214 and Fagus sylvatica.
In order to carry out this study, the natural…
F Faraji, M-F Thévenon, B Thibaut
Natural durability of European wood species for exterior use above ground
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10499
…more restricted, consequently, the focus on the natural durability of wood is increased. Good, well-documented data on the durability of wood species in ground contact exist, which form the basis of the standard EN 350-2:1995. Yet, we have, however, no useful documentation for the natural durability of wood, when…
B Lindegaard, N Morsing
The natural durability of wood in different use classes
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10457
The natural durability of important European wood species has been tested on 3970 specimen in field trials. The wood was exposed at five test fields in Germany with different climates at each site in European hazard class 4 and 3 (with and without soil contact). Within…
U Augusta, A O Rapp
Relationship of wood durability and extractives
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10493
The durability of the following five wood species, Zelkova carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Carpinius betulus and Acer laetum, were studied. Wood blocks were exposed to Coriolus versicolor under laboratory conditions according to DIN 52176…
S M Kazemi
Durability of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN ) wood treated in high temperature liquid paraffin
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40221
…palustris). Termite resistance according to JWPA standard 112) was conducted using a termite(Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki). Paraffin-treated wood had decay and termite resistance, however its effectiveness disappeared when the paraffin of wood surfaces was removed. The difference of durability didn’t…
Y Matsuoka, W Ohmura, S Fujiwara, Y Kanagawa
Interspecific variability of European oak durability against white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor): Comparison between sessile oak and peduncle oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur)
2001 - IRG/WP 01-10393
The knowledge of wood natural durability against biologic predators enable its external use. The resistance of European oak wood was reported like durable according to the EN 350-2. However, some individuals may contain high durable wood. Our research was focused to understand this…
N Ayadi, B Charrier, M Irmouli, J P Charpentier, C J Allemand, F Feuillat, R Keller
Evaluation of the european standard ENV 12038 for durability testing of plywood
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20237
The latest improved version of the standard ENV 12038 drafted as document N44 by CEN Technical Committee 38 (WG 7 - WG 23) is used to evaluate the effect of wood composition and structure on plywood durability. The method described is based on the agar-block test of the EN 113 standard used…
J Van Acker, M Stevens, E De Clercq
Natural durability transfer from sawmill residues of white cypress (Callitris glaucophylla). - Part 3: Full penetration of the refractory sapwood of white cypress
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40167
…glaucophylla, is renowned for its termite resistance and durability against decay. The sapwood, which can represent up to 30% of log volume, is non-durable and refractory to conventional preservative treatment. Previous work ascribes the lack of permeability to oily deposits within tracheids and ray cells.…
M J Kennedy, L M Stephens, M A Powell
Attempt for developing a new method for above ground field testing of wood durability
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20199
…way for evaluation of wood preservatives or natural durability of wood species. Above ground tests are designed to answer specific questions concerning the outdoor utilisation of wood. Such methods supply additional information and confirm or reject preliminary laboratory results. The European standard (ENV…
N Terziev, M-L Edlund
Increased biological durability differs for traditional wood preservation and new non-biocidal systems (NBS)
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20212
Wood preservation is a way to increase the biological durability of wood by the addition of chemical components with a biocidal effect. The effect of such treatment is clearly concentration dependent. At distinct levels of fungicide concentration fungi are killed or inhibited in their enzymatic functioning to…
J Van Acker, M Stevens
The use of lap-joints in natural durability testing: moisture content development during 36 months outside exposure trials
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20217
Lap-joint trials (following European Standard ENV 12037) were set up with 11 different softwood and hardwood species. The main aim was to evaluate the suitability of this test standard (developed for testing wood preservative effectiveness) for natural durability testing. The moisture…
H Militz, C J Bloom
Durability of heat-treated wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40145
…for heat-treated samples. This treatment may modified the durability from non resistant to moderate/resistant species depending on fungus species as defined in the ASTM 2017 standard. The data from the bending test indicate that such treatment may create a 10 to 50% reduction in MOR and deflection which will limits…
D P Kamdem, A Pizzi, R Guyonnet, A Jermannaud
A comparison of methods – how to achieve a robust and conclusive durability classification of wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11063
The biological durability of wood is a relative and unitless size, and therefore wood species and wood-based materials are assigned to durability classes (DC). In Europe, such classes are based on a variety of measures, which can be absolute or relative to a non-durable…
C Brischke
Multifactorial analysis of the reasons behind wood natural durability
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11065
…to highlight the main factors involved in wood natural durability and wood characteristic using a principal component analysis. Interaction of wood with water were evaluated using contact angle measurements to determinate wood wettability by water and wood impregnability tests with water allowing to calculate…
L-F E Nkogo, M S M Mouendou, S Dumarçay, P E Engonga, F Zannini, E Gelhaye, P Gérardin
Natural and enhanced durability of wood exposed above ground
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11079
Understanding and predicting the durability of wood is essential for ensuring its effective use, long-term reliability, and sustainability in various applications. To address this need, the "Wood Above Ground" project was initiated in 1999 at the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) to…
R Digaitis, J Stenbaek, A W Christof, N Morsing, B Lindegaard
Securing Flame Retardancy in Wood: Durability After Artificial and Natural Weathering Test
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20738
…brown-rot and white-rot fungi. For the first time, the durability of this treatment was comprehensively evaluated by applying both artificial (ASTM D2898) and natural (EN 927-3) weathering. While flame retardants applied alone leached almost completely, the integrated approach partly retained the chemicals within…
M Wu, L Martin, H Militz
Durability Analysis of Bio-based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Treated Wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20753
…bio-based materials in outdoor construction. Enhancing the durability of wood products effectively extends their carbon storage lifespan, making it essential to investigate their long-term durability. The study used commercial resin (CPF) and laboratory-synthesised petro-based phenolic resin (LPF) as control groups.…
T-H Lin, P-Y Kuo