Your search resulted in 159 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Observations on the uptake and penetration of various liquids in clear heartwood and sapwood of Pinus radiata D.Don
1983 - IRG/WP 3224
Volumetric uptake of water (aqueous copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA)) or methanol, applied by bulk hydrostatic pressure to air dried clear heartwood specimens of Pinus radiata D. Don, far exceeds that of a wide variety of polar and non-polar solvents. In air dried sapwood, the volumetric uptake of CCA tends to be less than that achieved for most solvents including methanol. No comprehensive explanation...
J E Barnacle
Leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated slash pine heartwood
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50020
Drying green slash pine with any of three high temperature drying schedules produced a product in which both the sapwood and the heartwood could be penetrated with CCA using a modified Bethell treatment schedule. Required H3 retentions were achieved in both sapwood and heartwood, from 200 litres per m³ charge uptake. Post-treatment fixation/drying was accomplished by three different regimes, incl...
M J Kennedy, G Palmer
Effects of boron treatments on partially decayed oak and pitch pine heartwood
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30106
This paper reports results of borate based preservative treatment and leaching experiments on partially decayed oak and pitch pine heartwood. Previous experiments have shown little damage is caused to sound timber of these types when treated with Polybor and Boracol 20 preservatives. This experiment was carried out to assess the suitability of selected borate based preservatives for use in histori...
S McCutcheon, G M Smith, J W Palfreyman, P Durrant
The effect of ACC (Celcure) on durability of blue beech
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30209
Durability of the sapwood and heartwood of blue beech (Carpinus betulus) against white rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor) was studied. As treatment three concentrations of preservative (control or 0%, 3%, and 5% of ACC) were applied. The measuring 1.5x2.5x5cm3 as dimension of wood samples (sap and heartwood) was used. During 16 weeks exposure, untreated wood blocks were completely deteriorated by th...
S M Kazemi
Natural durability of Iranian saxual wood (Haloxylon persicum) against the fungal decay
1991 - IRG/WP 1515
Haloxylon persicum is vidly planted in the deserfic region of Iran. At the present time, in the age of 30, these small trees are ready for cutting for the different uses, specially for rural buildings. But there's any knowledge about its durability. In this study the laboratory tests were carried out in accordance to European Standard. 5 fungi were used as: Trametes versicolor, Coniophora...
D Parsapajouh, F H Schweingruber, K Richter
Soft rot studies on CCA treated eucalypt power transmission poles
1981 - IRG/WP 1132
Initial results found for sixty CCA treated eucalypt poles, from a soft-rot survey are discussed. Retentions of CCA within above and below ground pole samples were variable. The variation was attributed mostly to biodegradation and effect of soil environment, rather than leaching. Bacterial decay was found in many poles and was severe in some cases. Although found in the presence of soft-rot decay...
L E Leightley
An in-ground natural durability field test of Australian timbers and exotic reference species. Part 5: Extensive data from a site where both decay and termites are active. Results from a full-replicated set of heartwood specimens from each of ten myrtaceous hardwoods after 18, 19 and 20 years' exposure - A discussion paper
1988 - IRG/WP 2324
Extensive data are presented on the decay situation, the termite situation and the decay-termite associations; all gathered from a fully-replicated set of heartwood specimens of 10 hardwood timbers after 18, 19 and 20 years' exposure in the ground at a single test site, i.e. a semi-arid steppe site. Sixteen tables are presented in addition to the one table providing the rating data; the l...
J D Thornton, G C Johnson, J W Creffield
The effect of wick action on the moisture distribution in heartwood and sapwood stakes of Pinus radiata D. Don.
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40139
The pattern of moisture distribution in stakes of Pinus radiata D. Don. subjected to "wick action" is investigated. There was incomplete saturation of the stakes even after 93 days of continual soaking. Maximum moisture absorption occurred at the base of the stake and at the air/water interface of the stake. Incomplete saturation of the stake was thought to be due to air embolism within the wood. ...
J Hann, P Vinden
Diffusion of a copper naphthenate/boron paste through Douglas fir heartwood
1991 - IRG/WP 3671
Groundline wraps are an important portion of the remedial treatment strategies for protecting utility poles in North America from surface decay. The compositions of these wraps have recently shifted away from pentachlorophenol and creosote to formulations containing copper naphthenate and boron. These formulations have not yet been extensively tested, although the chemicals have been used for many...
P G Forsyth, J J Morrell
The influence of wood moisture content on the fungitoxicity of methylisothiocyanate in Douglas fir heartwood
1987 - IRG/WP 3430
The fumigant methylisothiocyanate (MIT) effectively controls decay fungi in large wood structures, but the influence of environmental factors on its performance are not well understood. Experiments found wood moisture content to greatly influence the fungitoxicity and sorption of MIT in Douglas fir heartwood. At constant, low MIT vapor concentrations (less than 1 µg/cc air), wood at 10% MC bound ...
A R Zahora, J J Morrell
Presteaming radiata pine heartwood to improve treatability
1983 - IRG/WP 3239
Steaming and holding before preservative treatment by the Bethell process greatly improved the treatment of radiata pine heartwood. Maximum penetration of preservative for the shortest holding period was obtained by the use of steam vacuum but the difference between this and steam venting was small when compared with the standard of treatment of air dried samples. A holding period of one day was s...
A J Bergervoet
Attractive factors of steam-treated larch wood to termite feeding
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10256
The hot water extractives from steam-treated Japanese larch wood were studied to understand the chemical properties of attractive factors of the treated wood to feeding behavior of a subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. Hot water extractives were fractionated and analyzed using chromatography, gel filtration, and NMR methods.
The stimulants yielded by the steam treatment were comprised o...
S Doi, Y Kurimoto, W Ohmura, M Aoyama, S Ohara
Soft rot test of copper/chrome/arsenic treated heartwood of three Malaysian timbers
1991 - IRG/WP 2381
Standardized heartwood blocks of kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) and tualang (Koompassia excelsa) were impregnated with 0 to 6.3% (w/v) CCA and challenged to decay by a mixed inocula of Chaetomium globosum, Glenospora graphii, Humicola grisea, Petriella setifera and Trichurus spiralis in a containerized vermiculite-burial decay system according to draft CEN/TC 38 WG 4....
A H H Wong, R-D Peek
Internal pressure monitoring during the treatment of Pinus radiata (D. Don)
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40049
The use of micro-transducers to monitor the internal pressure of wood during treatment is investigated. The rates of pressure transfer in radiata pine sapwood and heartwood are compared during Bethell treatment with copper chrome and arsenic preservative. The effect of pre-conditioning treatments are also evaluated using micro-transducer monitoring. It is anticipated that knowledge of the changes ...
P R S Cobham, P Vinden
Decay resistance of Siberian larch wood against brown rot fungi - Part 2. The effect of genetic variation
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10287
Wood natural decay resistance is mainly restricted in the heartwood part of tree and based on wood microstructure and chemical composition. However, the variation of decay resistant in different wood species is vide and the effect of genotype on decay resistance of Siberian larch wood grown in Finland is not known. The aim of this work was to find out the variation on decay resistance of Siberian ...
H Viitanen, L Paajanen, T Nikkanen, P Velling
An investigation of the effects of pre-steaming on the treatment of sawn spruce timber with Celcure A, a copper/chrome/arsenic preservative
1981 - IRG/WP 3180
Difficulties in the treatment of spruce using standard vacuum/pressure techniques with both water-borne and organic solvent preservatives are well known. The growth characteristics of spruces (Picea spp) make them attractive candidates for forestry schemes. In 1975 the UK Forestry Commission had about 400 000 hectares, about 20% of total UK forest area, planted with Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)...
C R Coggins
Effect of extractive fractions of Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis heartwood on Coptotermes formosanus
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10535
Heartwood of some species has natural resistance to attack by termites due to the presence of toxic and/or repellent extractives, but the role of individual extractives in termite inhibition is poorly understood. Developing a better understanding of which extractives are most effective against termites may be useful for the identification of improved termite management strategies. The effect of se...
A Taylor, B L Gartner, J J Morrell, K Tsunoda
Effects of drying processes on termite feeding behaviour against Japanese larch wood
2001 - IRG/WP 01-10390
We investigated the effects of current drying schedules for larch lumbers on the termite feedings. Thermal analyses were also conducted to investigate degradation of wood components. Choice feeding tests showed specimens dried under high-temperature schedules were evidently susceptible against termite attacks. These schedules produced the feeding-attractants, which were suggested by the TGA result...
S Doi, Y Kurimoto, H Takiuchi, M Aoyama
Resistance of various wood species against decay by Coniophora cerebella (Pers) Duby and Lenzites trabea (Pers) Bres
1976 - IRG/WP 142
Both fungi, Coniophora cerebella and Lenzites trabea, are important destroyers of timber. Coniophora often occurs inside buildings and Lenzites trabea has been observed on southern facades of buildings, on balconies and window frames. In most instances that we investigated coniferous timber had been decayed. But both species are known to attack also various hardwoods. For this reason tests similar...
O Wälchli
Treatability and natural durability of some lesser used or unused wood species of Bangladesh
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40170
A research study was conducted to determine the natural durability and treatability of heartwood of some lesser used or unused wood species. The treatability of species has been studied along with certain anatomical concepts association with preservative penetrability of the wood. It was observed that grain structure and presence of tyloses appeared to be correlated with penetrability of the wood....
K Akhter, M Younusuzzaman, M H Chowdhury
In-ground field test of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood and heartwood
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30336
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood and heartwood stakes treated with CCA-C and creosote were tested for one- year in a field plot in Bartın region in Turkey.
Scots pine heartwood stakes had lower preservative retention than sapwood stakes. Bending strength of the stakes was decreased after impregnation and one-year field test. While the bending strength of untreated sapwood was 93....
H Sivrikaya, H Hafizoglu
NIR spectroscopy for rapid estimation of decay resistance
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20294
In Scandinavia Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an important commercial tree species. Its heartwood has traditionally been used in constructions exposed to risk of decay. In a laboratory experiment Scots pine wood specimens sampled from inner heartwood, outer heartwood and sapwood were exposed to the brown rot fungus Poria placenta. In general outer heartwood was more resistant than inner heart...
P O Flæte, E Ystrøm Haartveit
Occurrence of termite species on decaying heartwood specimens exposed 18 to 23 years at an Australian site
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10270
The occurrence of species of subterranean termites on hardwood and softwood specimens (including preservative-treated), exposed in-ground at a semi-arid site at Walpeup (north-western Victoria), 18 to 23 years after installation, is reported. This paper presents maps of the cumulative occurrence on specimens, after six annual inspections, of the following species: Coptotermes acinaciformis, Hetero...
J W Creffield, J-D Thornton, G C Johnson
Soft Rot Decay of Cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) Heartwood in Ground Contact in Relation to Extractive Microdistribution
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10501
The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii, fam. Dipterocarpaceae) is naturally durable. A square-sawn utility pole specimen of cengal heartwood, after 30 years in ground contact, showed 10-15 mm surface decay all around the ground line position, accompanied with isolated surface termite attack at the decayed region. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the decayed regions prov...
A P Singh, A H H Wong, Yoon Soo Kim, Seung-Gon Wi, Kwang Ho Lee
Variation of natural durability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood in 15 clones examined by decay test (Preliminary report)
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10526
Natural durability of wood in 27 trees from 15 clones of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)　 was investigated by an accelerated decay test. Thirty years old trees were collected from a clonal trial in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Natural durability is usually evaluated in heartwood. Mass losses of heartwood caused by a brown rot decay fungus, Fomitopsis palustris and a white rot decay fungus, Py...
K Yamamoto, A Tamura, R Nakada