Your search resulted in 654 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Durability and molecular analysis of fungal communities in wood exposed above ground
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11068
…of the study was to explore the durability of wood exposed above ground, comprising a wide diversity of wood species and treatments and extensive assessment data on wood durability in ongoing long-term testing. Larch species and Scots pine heartwood, two tropical species ntholo and ncurri and a number of treated wood…
N Högberg, D Panov, G Daniel, N Terziev
Natural and enhanced durability of wood exposed above ground
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11079
…in various applications. To address this need, the "Wood Above Ground" project was initiated in 1999 at the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) to investigate the natural durability of wood species under a wide range of above-ground exposure scenarios. This extensive, long-term study involves over 1,700 test…
R Digaitis, J Stenbaek, A W Christof, N Morsing, B Lindegaard
Wood above ground project – Results and future plans
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11041
In 2000, the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) initiated an extensive study to investigate the natural durability of wood. The study involved exposing wood in various orientations to assess its performance. A total of 35 wood material types were exposed at…
A W Christof, R Digaitis, P Fynholm, J Stenbaek, N Morsing, B Lindegaard
Potential of heartwood extracts as wood preservatives combined with linseed oil in 8-year above-ground and in-ground field trials
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20719
…eight years at a test site in southern Mississippi using ground contact (AWPA E7) and ground proximity (AWPA E26) tests. Results showed that combining heartwood extract and linseed oil resulted in greater resistance to termites and decay in cottonwood and southern pine compared to using only linseed oil or the…
M E Mankowski, G T Kirker, B Hassan
Evaluation of the water exclusion ability and inherent bioactivity of heartwood against decay in Japanese and European wood species via above-ground exposure and water absorption tests
2024 - IRG/WP 24-40998
…the contribution of each factor to wood durability, above-ground exposure tests were conducted on Japanese and European wood species. A double-layer test was carried out using heartwood specimens of four wood species, i.e., Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, Scots pine, and Norway spruce in Akita Prefecture…
T Osawa, R Noda, K Yamamoto
Evaluation of vacuum borate treated spruce or pine CLT in an above ground protected test in southern Mississippi
2024 - IRG/WP 24-41001
…preservative treatment with borates and placed in an above ground covered field test. Samples measuring230mm x 300mm x 100 mm were cut, edge-sealed, and double vacuum-treated with a with a 10% disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT)/glycol solution. Target loadings were a low (~1kg/m3 SBX) and high (~2.5 kg/m3)…
M E Mankowski, A Taylor, G T Kirker
Field test method for wood in above ground situation - The full CEN/TC 38 guideline for the Sandwich method. Part 1 - Determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative
2024 - IRG/WP 24-41013
…Lap-Joint test method (EN 12037:23) for testing of wood in above ground situation and the draft CEN/TS Part 1 is specifically intended for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative. The new draft CEN/TS is based on a test method developed by Preston and Zahora (2008), in the late 1990s,…
M Westin, R Ringman, A Christof, F Friese
Durability of fast- and slow-grown Douglas fir in above ground exposures in Australia
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11009
…and slow-grown Douglas fir heartwood was compared in an above-ground L-joint field test near Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The L-joint test provides conditions that are favourable to decay. Fast-grown (regrowth) Douglas fir had ≤ 10 growth rings per 50 mm, while slow-grown Douglas fir had ≥ 20 growth rings…
L P Francis
Field durability testing of wood above ground - Part 1: 15 years’ experience with the Bundle method
2023 - IRG/WP 23-20695
A ‘jack of all trades’ method for above-ground wood durability testing has been sought for decades, but until now no method has found its way into standardization. The method of choice shall be applicable for untreated and treated wood – ideally also for wood composites. It shall be…
C Brischke, G Alfredsen, L Emmerich, M Humar, L Meyer-Veltrup
Field durability testing of wood above ground - Part 2: The full guideline of the Bundle method
2023 - IRG/WP 23-20696
To determine the biological durability of wood above ground, numerous approaches for test methods have been pursued and tried out in the field in the past. So far, no method has managed to find its way into a European standard. During the last 15 years, experience with the Bundle method has been gained.…
C Brischke, G Alfredsen, L Emmerich, M Humar, L Meyer-Veltrup
Above Ground Proximity Decay Field Trial of Modified ACQ-A, Wolman® CA-B and Wolman® CA-C in Taiwan
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30793
An above ground proximity decay field trial was established at Chiayi county, Taiwan in July 2016. The purpose of this study was to generate local field performance data for Taiwan for Slash Pine treated with Wolman® CA-B, Wolman® CA-C and a modified ACQ-A…
J-Y Gan
Performance of wood exterior structures above ground in Spain. Performance and durability of a shelter of spruce in a shopping centre after 20 years
2022 - IRG/WP 22-20680
Across Europe is very common to find wood exterior structures mainly build in sawn and glue-laminated wood. Most of these exterior wood structures use softwood wood species such as: fir, spruce, pine or douglas. In Spain exterior wood structures, became more a…
D Lorenzo, A Lozano, M Alonso, J Fernández-Golfín, M Touza, J Benito
Post-layup protection of mass timber elements in above ground protected exposures: 2-year results
2022 - IRG/WP 22-30766
…in service was assessed with a modified AWPA Standard E21 above-ground test using three ply Douglas-fir or southern pine cross-laminated timber as well as Douglas-fir mass plywood panels. Samples of each material (305 x 102 x 102 mm) were installed in an above ground protected test at the Harrison Experimental…
M E Mankowski, T G Shelton, G T Kirker, J J Morrell
Above-Ground Termite Resistance of Naturally Durable Species in Ontario and Mississippi
2022 - IRG/WP 22-30767
A collaborative above-ground protected termite field test was initiated by FPInnovations and the USDA Forest Service at sites in Ontario and Mississippi. The aims of the experiment were to compare the rate of attack in protected, above-ground exposures by the subterranean…
R Stirling, M Mankowski
Modelling decay rates of timber exposed above ground on four different continents
2020 - IRG/WP 20-20670
…sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) were exposed to the weather above ground in Australia, Malaysia, Germany, Denmark and the United States. Boards were assessed periodically detect decay, which was rated using a common assessment scale.
Preliminary exploration of relationships between decay assessment scores and decay…
L P Francis, J J Morrell, C Brischke, P B Van Niekerk, J Norton
Identifying the fungal community on western redcedar (Thuja plicata) wood in field tests above and in ground contact exposure: preliminary results
2019 - IRG/WP 19-10939
…growth western redcedar fence posts that have been in ground contact for 17 years, and deck boards that have been in an above ground test for 14 years. We performed DNA metabarcoding using Illumina sequencing and traditional culturing techniques to characterize the fungal community from samples. Preliminary…
A Dale, S Kus, R Stirling
Performance of untreated timbers in above ground decking tests: Preliminary results from an international collaborative trial
2019 - IRG/WP 19-10940
The ability to accurately predict wood decay risks under varying environmental conditions has long been of interest to timber users. Accurate predictions are difficult owing to the myriad of variables associated with the decay process including wood species, w…
L P Francis, J Norton, E Melcher, A H H Wong, J Kok Lai, M Klamer, M J Konkler, J J. Morrell
Performance of field cut preservatives above-ground and in ground contact exposures
2019 - IRG/WP 19-30742
…wood. A series of field cut preservatives were assessed in ground contact and above-ground exposures. After 10 years in ground contact exposure, all of the untreated controls had failed or exhibited very advanced decay. In contrast, the copper naphthenate (2% Cu in mineral spirits) reference showed only low levels of…
R Stirling, D Wong
Exemplary aboveground hardwood protection from Coptotermes curvignathus under weathered conditions conferred by proprietary microemulsion-based cypermethrin (SARPECO®) and permethrin (AXIL®) biocides
2019 - IRG/WP 19-30749
…curvignathus. Such treated wood blocks were exposed to aboveground H2 (indoor, non-wetting conditions) hazard class termite field test and compared with CCA-treated kempas heartwood and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sapwood. Prior to the H2 hazard class termite field test exposure, treated wood blocks were…
D Messaoudi, A H H Wong, C A D Tawi, N Bourguiba, O Fahy
Protecting wood exterior infrastructures above ground in Spain. The importance of protection by design in the performance
2019 - IRG/WP 19-40874
…of protecting by design in wood exterior infrastructures above ground situation in the case of Spain. The importance of protection by design in the performance is in most cases fundamental, to avoid or reduce the magnitude and extent of the damages due to early decays and it is very important to prolong service…
D Lorenzo, M Touza, J Fernandez-Golfín, A Lozano, J Benito, M T Troya, L Robertson
Testing the durability of timber products above ground using the block-test method – A critical review
2018 - IRG/WP 18-20637
…for testing the durability of wood and wood products above ground is reviewed critically with respect to practical aspects, moisture loads, corresponding decay development, and the possibilities of assessing test specimens by determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) of wood. In total, 36 blocks…
C Brischke, A Gellerich, H Militz
Above-ground testing methods – review of Rotorua, New Zealand test site results after ten years
2018 - RG/WP 18-20642
A series of seven different types of above ground durability tests were initially conducted over four years to determine which type of tests would give the fastest, most consistent results. Five types of test; ground proximity, two types of decking, flat panels and double layer, were reassessed…
D Page, T Singh
Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood exposed in ground, above ground and in the marine environment
2018 - IRG/WP 18-40825
…on the field performance of DMDHEU modified wood exposed above-ground (UC3, rail test, block test, deckings), in-ground (UC4) and in the marine environment (UC5). The aim of this study was to evaluate results from more than 7 years field testing with respect to the DMDHEU treatment level, wood species (Scots pine,…
L Emmerich, H Militz, C Brischke
Performance of wood exterior structures above ground in Spain built with softwood species. The situation case of a shelter bridge
2018 - IRG/WP 18-40844
Across Europe is very common to find wood exterior structures build in sawn and glue-laminated wood. Most of these exterior wood structures use softwood wood species such as: fir, spruce, larch and pine. In Spain exterior wood structures, became more and more…
D Lorenzo, M Touza, J Fernández-Golfín, A Lozano, J Benito
Decay of wood in outdoor above ground applications: Preview of results on the effect of climate and species in Spain
2017 - IRG/WP 17-20600
…of the functional performance of wood in outdoor above ground applications’, seven trials containing seven pieces of sawn wood measuring 750x100x20mm3, belonging to seven different wood species (Scots pine, Radiata pine, Laricio pine, sweet chestnut, eucalyptus, Thermo-treated radiata pine and Spruce),…
J I Fernández-Golfin Seco, M Conde García, M R Diez Barra, M Conde García, L Acuña Rello, E Torres Álvarez, E Perea Alonso, M T Troya