Your search resulted in 1424 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
A Comparison on Penetration of Silica Sol in Scots pine and Southern pine wood
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40722
…to treat both Scots pine and Southern pine sapwood at non-pressure and 0.4 mPa pressure conditions. The liquid absorption (LA), the weight percent gain (WPG), and the silicon distribution by both gravimetric method and SEM-EDXA were investigated to compare the influence of particle size and treating pressure on…
Mingyang Sun, Jinzhen Cao
Impregnation of railway sleepers - Pressure gradient and transversal penetration
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40731
…have to be modified. The here reported tests measure the pressure gradient during the impregnation of railway sleepers and the influence of the different transversal directions of Beech (Fagus sylvatica) on the penetration under an applied pressure. First results demonstrate a major longitudinal impact on air…
M Starck, A Gellerich, H Militz
Influence of pressure phase impregnation time on the uptake and distribution of wood preservatives in Scots pine material of diverse treatability
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40752
…was used as impregnation agent in ten different vacuum pressure schedules. Pressure times increased from 15 min to 520 min. The results of this study confirm considerable variations in the treatability of Scots pine sapwood. Differences between easy to impregnate and refractory sample sets are visible for the…
K Zimmer, B Kerfriden
Development of a new method for wood hydrophobizing and fixation of copper compounds by chemical hardening of vegetable based modified oils
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40754
…of agents leaching in the meantime. The paper presents a method to improve the natural durability of beech wood by means of a vacuum/pressure procedure using on a modified vegetable oil. The oil can be hardened directly in the inner wood zone by means of microwaves and oxygen treatment. This shall prevent the…
C Swaboda, M Fischer, K Jacobs
Visualization of gold/silver nanostars in wood by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30653
…as potential platforms for SERS imaging. These NSs can be pressure-impregnated in different wood types (pine and beech) due their optimal size (< 100 nm), allowing for their rapid and accurate identification and localization in the wood samples. For comparison and visualization of the NSs, the samples were coated…
C Geers, L Rodríguez-Lorenzo, M Placencia Peña, P Brodard, T Volkmer, B Rothen-Rutishauser, A Petri-Fink
New Method for Pretreatment of Railroad Crossties
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40675
…another period of seasoning, and finally a conventional pressure treatment with creosote. The treatment resulted in a borate-treated core surrounded by a creosote-treated shell. It performed well, as evidenced by 20 years’ worth of field data showing a meaningful increase in service life of dual-treated ties…
A S Ross, R W Clawson Jr
Study of weathering Characteristics in Profiled and Treated Deck Boards
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40680
…(EL2) and amine copper azole (CA-C) using a vacuum/pressure method. Boards were exposed to accelerated weathering for 576 h (24 days). The number, length and width of checks that developed in boards and average amount of cupping, twist and bowing in each test board were quantified after weathering. The…
M Akhtari, D Nicholas, L Sites
Leachability and Dimensional Stability of Nanosilver-Steamed Densified Poplar
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40684
…with nanosilver suspension (200 and 400 ppm) under pressure of 4 bar for 20 minutes. Steam treatment was carried out at 150°C for 2 hours. Then samples were compressed (33%) radially in a hot press at 170°C for 30 minutes and cooled for 1 minute in compressed state. After densification process, spring back…
G Rassam, A Talaei, A Ahmadi
Preservative treatment of Pinus elliottii
1987 - IRG/WP 3435
…preservative by four alternative seasoning and treatment methods is investigated. Steam conditioning followed by either alternating pressure method (APM) or &apos;Q&apos; treatment resulted in inadequate preservative penetration. Air drying or high temperature drying followed by the Bethell process resulted…
P Vinden, L Carter
Steam/hold/APM boron treatment - Treatability trials with green gauged radiata pine
1987 - IRG/WP 3439
…with a mixture of borax and boric acid using a modified Alternating Pressure Method (APM) treatment schedule. A 12 hour holding period between steam conditioning and treatment resulted in the necessary moisture loss and moisture re-distribution to facilitate treatment to NZ Timber Preservation Authority…
P Vinden
Options for accelerated boron treatment: A practical review of alternatives
1985 - IRG/WP 3329
…with increasing temperature. Schedules are described for pressure impregnation of green timber, involving steam conditioning, evacuation and alternating pressure method treatment. Timber Preservation Authority penetration and retention requirements can be met in approximately 4-5 h. The optimum schedule, however,…
P Vinden, T Fenton, K Nasheri
Partial seasoning and preservative treatment systems for pine roundwood
1982 - IRG/WP 3187
…(&apos;Q&apos;) system. A shortened and simplified Alternating Pressure Method (APM) process was used to treat Corsican pine posts one day after steam/vacuum. The standard of treatment obtained by using this system was evaluated at FRI and at a commercial treatment plant and showed potential to treat wood to…
A J Bergervoet
Evaluation of Five Novel Organotin(IV) Complexes as Wood Preservatives
2012 - IRG/WP 12-30590
…with five novel organotin(IV) complexes using vacuum-pressure treatment method. The objectives of this study were to determine the treatability and efficacy of novel organotin(IV) complexes against white and brown rot decay fungi. Soil block decay test was performed using Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum…
M M Rahman, I Jusoh, M A Affan, A Husaini
Water absorption and desorption of non treated, pressure impregnated, and pine oil treated glulam made of small diameter Scots pine and Norway spruce
2012 - IRG/WP 12-40616
…water absorption and desorption velocity of non treated, pressure impregnated and pine oil treated glulam.
The 6 inner lamellae of the glulam beams originated from small-sized logs, whereas the surface lamellae were made of larger logs. Beams with 44 x 200 mm cross cut dimensions were glued using MUF resin and…
H Heräjärvi, V Möttönen, R Stöd
Improving our understanding of moisture and other durability-related properties of wood in building envelope performance prediction
2011 - IRG/WP 11-20468
…field in recent years with rapid changes in construction methods, building materials and consumer expectations. The field has also been brought to prominence by a few large-scale premature building envelope failures in a few regions across the world. Considerable effort has been put into developing hygrothermal…
Jieying Wang, P Morris
Ambient-temperature borate dip-diffusion treatment of green railroad crossties
2011 - IRG/WP 11-40556
…Borates are typically applied to green ties by vacuum pressure application at 1 to 10% disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) concentration or by traditional dip-diffusion treatments at elevated temperatures. Higher temperatures are used to maintain the 30 to 50% solution concentrations needed to deliver…
Jae-Woo Kim, A M Taylor, C Köse
Decay Resistance of Maple (Acer Insigne) Wood Against White Rot
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10740
…used in this study for treating specimens under vacuum and pressure (Bethell procedure) with 3 percent concentration. In conducting mentioned evaluation, kolleschale’s method according to DIN 52176 and B.S. 838: 1961 were used in completely randomized block design. Specimens were contaminated with cultured fungus…
V Tazakor Rezaei
Stress wave and visual analysis of treated and non treated fence posts after 15 years in field test
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20449
…protecting tropical rain forest. Basically, it can reduce pressure on natural resources by increasing wood durability. Field tests are conducted to simulate final use of woods under different environmental conditions. Visual analysis, non destructive testing, and non destructive evaluation techniques were applied to…
A Florian da Costa, R Faustino Teles, J Costa Gonçalves
Development of microbiological test methods for the wooden packaging of foodstuffs
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20453
Whereas different sampling methods already exist for analysing contaminated surfaces or packaging made of plastic or paper, there is no methodology that enables the sampling and quantification of microorganisms in packaging made of wood. The objective of this study was to compare the…
I Le Bayon, H Callot, M Kutnik, C Denis, A-M Revol-Junelles, J-B Millière, M Giraud, M Gabillé, N Passédat
Natural Durability Variations of Malaysian Timbers from Sarawak after 26 Years Exposure by Stake Test
2009 - IRG/WP 09-10704
…5-point visual termite or decay rating scale of ASTM D1758 method. The criteria for a wood species natural durability classification was regarded as the moment when the mean visual rating for a sample of replicated outer heartwood stakes was about 7 (moderate degrade) for commercial relevance (rather than zero for…
A H H Wong, Ling Wang Choon
Performance of softwood preservative treated stakes after 4 years exposure in-ground to decay fungi and termites in tropical Australia
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10643
This field study was based on the 1993 IUFRO method and designed as a graveyard (in-ground) test in the tropical region of the Northern Territory to examine the efficacy of novel preservative formulations developed as alternative protection for softwood timber against decay fungi and termites for Hazard…
B M Ahmed (Shiday), J R J French, S R Przewloka, P Vinden, J A Hann, P Blackwell
Surface Characteristics of Southern pine treated with Eastern red cedar oil
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40393
…and radial surfaces of pine samples were treated two non-pressure methods, namely brushing and cold soaking in the oil. Surface quality of the samples were determined using a stylus technique at the end of each type of treatment. Three roughness parameters, average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz),…
S Hiziroglu
Bi-oleothermal treatment of wood at atmospheric pressure: resistance to fungi and insects, resistance to weathering and reaction to fire results
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40418
…facilities. The process includes two steps at atmospheric pressure. The first one is a dipping of wood samples in a hot oil bath (between 110 °C and 200°C) which creates an overpressure inside the wood. The second one is also a dipping in a oil bath but at a lower temperature (20°C to 80°C). In this second bath…
L Podgorski, I Le Bayon, I Paulmier, J-D Lanvin, V Georges, D Grenier, H Baillères, J-M Méot
Vacuum drying of European oakwood: Color, chemistry and anti-oxidant potency of wood. Improving appearance in forest value added products
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40432
…with conventional drying operations. Operating at low pressures reduces the boiling temperature point of water and enables an important overpressure inside the material which is advantageous for drying and especially for species that do not support a high temperature level. In this work, experimental results for…
S Sandoval, W Jomaa, F Marc, J-R Puiggali
Wood furfurylation process development. Part 1: Oscillating Pressure Method
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40376
…of the study was to evaluate whether the Oscillating Pressure Method (OPM) could be used to impregnate green and dry Norway spruce wood (Picea abies) with a Furfuryl alcohol (FA) - mixture. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate if OPM could improve the penetration of FA in Scots pine (Pinus…
E Larnøy, M Westin, B Källander, S Lande