Your search resulted in 89 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Recent studies into improved fire retardancy of wood undertaken at Luleå University of Technology
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30784
Modern construction is moving more towards engineered wood products, such as glulam and cross-laminated timber (CLT). This increase is driven by the aspiration to deliver high-rise buildings with enhanced environmental profiles and human well-being. This desire to use wood in construction is pushing the need for fire treatments capable of meeting a products service life. However, the use of wood ...
D Jones, C-F Lin, I Kim, E Garskaite, O Karlsson, D Sandberg
Identifying compatible waterborne timber preservatives and fire retardants for use in a VPI system: a practical approach
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30796
To enhance the use and suitability of timber in all applications in both exterior and interior settings, timber typically needs to be treated with a preservative and/or a fire retardant chemical. Combining fire retardants with preservatives into a single treatment process has been a long-term aim of researchers in the timber preservative industry because of the significant logistic and economic ad...
R Robinson, S Meldrum
Investigating the fire properties of a composite material made of MDF-residues, citric acid and sorbitol
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40969
In times of climate change and a shortage of energy and raw materials, it has become apparent, that material reuse of wood in a cascade system can reduce the ecological impact of a material and be cost effective. A new composite material has been developed made from citric acid, sorbitol, water and waste MDF. Not only will there be a material reuse option for waste MDF but due to the small particl...
P T Lewandowski, W Perdoch, E Larnoy, H Militz
Multi-scale Experimental Study on Self-sustained Smouldering of CCA-treated Timber Poles
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40988
While it is accepted that appropriate treatment with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) will extend the design life of wood markedly, there are concerns regarding the effect of treatment on fire performance. Smouldering combustion in CCA-treated timber infrastructure can self-sustain, destroying the timber elements, as the chromium and copper present in the CCA can act as catalysts of the smouldering...
W Wu, L Yerman, J J Morrell, F Wiesner
Enhanced durability of bio-based materials for green building
2023 - IRG/WP 23-50382
Wood protection technologies provide tools to enhance the durability of bio-based materials for green building. Both wood and related bio-based material are regarded as eminent for green building. It allows to underpin several of the United Nations sustainable development goals and is regarded critical for the Green Deal objectives of the EU. Nevertheless, to enhance the potential it needs to be b...
J Van Acker, L De Ligne, J Vand den Bulcke
Binder-free, fire-resistant, light-weight fiberboard materials encrusted with expandable graphite and borax
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20714
Despite abundant data on innovative fire protection technologies tailored for wood and lignocellulosic materials, the prevailing approach revolves around the formulation of fire retardant solutions employing water-soluble salts, e.g., phosphorus or boron compounds. On the other hand, additives fostering the formation of a char layer during the combustion of lignocellulosic materials as a non-leach...
W Perdoch, W Grześkowiak, B Mazela
Manufacturing of bamboo hybrids with high strength, superior fire retardancy, and dimensional stability
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30808
Bamboo, renowned for its rapid growth, high strength-to-weight ratio, and eco-friendly attributes, has found extensive use in decorative building materials and glue-laminated beams. However, the inherent challenges of dimensional instability and flammability in natural bamboo restrict its broad application. This research introduces a range of environmentally friendly techniques aimed at producing ...
W He, Rui Wang, W Li, G Hu, T Singh, Q Fu
Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Wood via In Situ Polymerization of Phosphorus-Containing Ionic Liquids
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20736
Wood, a ubiquitous material in furniture and construction, is limited by its natural flammability. Existing wood flame retardant technologies are often ineffective and lack environmental sustainability. Ionic liquids (ILs), known for their non-flammability and non-volatility, offer a green solvent solution to these challenges. In this study, we synthesized a novel phosphorus-containing, polymerisa...
J Jiang, Y Wu, J Luo, W Qu
CIOL Wood - Scientific Innovations in Wood Modification for Enhanced Performance and Usage
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20743
CIOL® is a wood modification technology designed as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional wood preservatives. Utilising a biobased formulation based on sorbitol and citric acid, CIOL® enhances wood's chemical structure, improving its durability, stability, and resistance to decay. This paper provides an overview of the advancements made in CIOL® technology, including its improv...
E Larnøy, A Treu, M Diraison, M Smith, A Audouin, P T Lewandowski, J Biørnstad
Sustainable and environmentally friendly bio-based protection against fire
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20756
Flame-retardant agents are used to confer fire resistant properties with effects strongly dependent on their ability to form char during the thermal degradation. The char coats the polymeric materials and provides a good barrier against heat and oxygen diffusion, thus reducing the combustion rate of the polymeric materials. Halogenated agents that are used today are toxic and may cause severe heal...
M Tanase-Opedal, A Larsson, P O Flaete
The impact of common fire retardancy salts and minerals on further properties of wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-30821
Wood has become an increasingly important construction material. To ensure fire safety, fire retardants are widely applied. Recent research focuses on environmentally friendly fire retardants with strong fixation. Phosphate-based salts like diammonium hydrogen phosphate show high fire protection potential but are highly leachable due to their good water solubility. As a newer trend mineralisation ...
T Franke, T Volkmer
Mineral-wood composites with improved fire properties and durability prepared through MgCO3-based mineralization
2025 - IRG/WP 25-30823
New mineral-wood composites that demonstrate improved fire properties and higher resistance to selected fungi have been prepared using an environmentally-friendly mineralisation process involving impregnation with an aqueous magnesium acetoacetate solution. MgCO3-based compounds are formed in situ, deep within the wood’s structure. We show that the new mineralisation method overcomes wood’s lo...
A Pondelak, N Knez, S D Škapin, M Humar, A S Škapin
Enhancing strength, fire and biological resistance of wood through structural and chemical modification
2025 - IRG/WP 25-30831
Wood, a renewable and versatile biopolymer, has been a fundamental material to construct traditional and advanced composites for building construction, furniture, transparent composites, and various other applications. Despite its many advantages, including its aesthetic appeal, workability, and relatively low cost, wood possesses inherent limitations such as susceptibility to biological, flame an...
R Abouzeid, M S Koo, Q Wu
Analysis of A Wooden Structure Damaged in a Fire – The Wooden Granary at Zaprice, Kamnik
2025 - IRG/WP 25-41049
Zaprice Open-Air Museum in Kamnik, Slovenia, features several granaries dating to the early 19th century, forming part of the national Cultural Heritage Register (EID: 1-09881). One of the two-chamber wooden granaries, constructed in 1828, suffered significant fire damage in December 2024. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of the damage, assess the structural integrity, and id...
M Humar, B Lesar, L Kopač, A Žagar