Your search resulted in 1084 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Resistance of phenol formaldehyde impregnated beech (Fagus sylvativa L.) LVL against biodegradation in soil contact
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40965
…beech veneers and LVL was manufactured with a variety of process parameters. In ground durability tests started in 2015 and were evaluated based on EN 252 (2015) on the test field at the University of Goettingen; Germany as well as in Stamsmåla, Sweden. The durability classes (DC) were determined based on the…
M Slabohm, C Brischke, S Bicke, H Militz
Non-vacuum/pressure ACQ treatment
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40971
…treatment systems, while not as quick as vacuum pressure processes, could help reduce economic losses. The hot and cold bath treatment method has long been known and provides an inexpensive, low technology process for locally sourced timber. The potential for using the hot/cold bath process was explored using…
J Norton
An effective preservative treatment of borak bamboo (Bambusa balcoona Roxb.)
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40070
…aboundantly grown in Bangladesh, with Full Cell Pressure Process. The treated bamboo can be used as building materials, the sufficient treatability ensured its long term best utilization at ground contact and indoors. Which will keep the environmental & socio economical conditions of Bangladesh more viable and…
A K Lahiry, S Begum, G N M Ilias, M A Matin Sheikh, M A B Fakir, M I Hossain
Treatability of Siberian larch and spruce with chromated copper arsenate
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40060
…chromated copper arsenate (CCA) Type B using a full cell process. Larch heartwood was somewhat difficult to treat than the spruce, although both species did not meet a minimum requirements of penetration and retention specified by the American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA) for difficult to treat wood…
Gyu-Hyeok Kim, Woo-Gue Jee, Jae-Jin Kim
Variation in biological performance of CCA caised by preservative application method
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40072
…upon the preservative application method used. The full-cell process gave the greatest level of CCA performance against Coniophora puteana whereas the Lowry empty-cell process gave the best performance against Coriolus versicolor and soft rot fungi. Pre-treatment steaming caused a general reduction in…
P R Newman, R J Murphy
Evaluation of Decay Resistance for the Larch Wood Heat-treated with Superheated Steam
2022 - IRG/WP 22-40956
Heat-treatment of wood is a process that involves applying heat ranging 160–260°C to improve its physico-mechanical properties and resistance against wood rot fungi. The level of the changes in the wood properties by heat-treatment differs depending on the temperature and duration of…
Y Park, S-M Yoon, H Kim, W-J Hwang
Preliminary study on relation of wood structure to copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) distribution in kempas (Koompassia malaccensis)
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40054
…copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) preservative using full cell process. Analysis of preservative distribution at the micro level in relation to wood structure was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDXA) analysis. The results showed that CCA elements were detected in all…
S Ani, S Salamah
Distribution of copper/chrome/boron preservative in light red meranti (Shorea leprosula) before and after exposure test for 72 months
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20073
…into light red meranti (Shorea leprosula) by full cell process. The quantitative analysis for copper, chrome and boron contents in treated wood samples was carried out by Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP). Electron Probe Microanalyser (EPMA) was used to monitor the distribution of copper, chrome and boron in the…
S Salamah, S Ani
A note on te seasoning, preservative treatment and suitability of debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia Benth & Hooker.) for poles
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40056
…of Debdaru are easily treatable with CCA preservative by full-cell pressure method, but difficult to dry (air & kiln). Proper quality control must be maintain from procurement to treatment, specially during physical selection & drying (air & kiln) otherwise it may be discard as pole. Debdaru poles have…
G N M Ilias, M D Rokib-ul-Hafiz
Marine wood-borer test with preservatives on the coasts of Turkey
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10091
…The test blocks were treated with CCB-salts by full cell process and coal tar creosote by empty cell process. The test blocks were installed on exposure sites before first growth season and usually controlled every second month. At the end of test period, treated-test blocks were still sound while all the control…
A Bobat
The iron reduction by chemical components of wood blocks decayed by wood rotting fungi
2021 - IRG/WP 21-10979
…in the presence of chelator, and therefore, the reduction process of ferric iron present in wood cell walls is one of the key reactions in this process. To date, various candidates such as low-molecular weight aromatic metabolites produced by fungi, proteins, and lignolytic products have been proposed as…
R R Kondo, Y Horikawa, K Ando, B Goodell, M Yoshida
Leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated slash pine heartwood
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50020
…does not compromise the accepability of the product. No process modification could be accepted if it introduced possibilities of exceeding safe disposal limits for sawdust and offcuts, or building site contamination.
M J Kennedy, G Palmer
Preservation of two Indonesian timber species for marine environment purposes
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10079
This paper deal with the experiment of CCA full cell processed two non-durable Indonesian species for placed in the marine environment. 80 samples of 5 x 5 x 60 cm³ dried durian (Durio zibethinus) and mahogany (Swietenia mahagony) timber were CCA-full cell processed using 4 combination treatment of: without…
P Permadi, I M Padlinurjaji, F Rasmita
Investigations into the use of Maleic Anhydride/Sodium Hypophosphite as a Wood Modification Process
2020 - IRG/WP 20-40891
The formation of crosslinked bonds between wood constituents is believed to be an effective way to stabilize wood against wet conditions. The possibility to use maleic anhydride (MA) combined with sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as crosslinking agents was studied,…
I Kim, D Jones, O Karlsson, D Sandberg, O N Antzutkin, F Ullah Shah
The influence of chemical compounds on wood cell wall to surface cracks
2020 - IRG/WP 20-40908
…surface cracking, which tends to occur during the drying process, is vital. High temperature set drying is one of the most effective methods for preventing wood surface cracking. It begins with softening the wood at a high temperature (100°C–120°C), allowing the surface to dry all at once, which deliberately…
R Suzuki, Y Mori, K Yoshihiro, K Yamashita, M Kiguchi
Evaluation of a solid remedial wood preservative containing boron and fluorine
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30022
…to treat specimens of Eucalyptus regnans sapwood using a full-cell process, providing retention levels which ranged from 1.2 to 37.4 kg/m³. Soil jar decay tests have shown the remedial preservative is toxic to Coniophora olivacea and Pycnoporus coccineus at a retention of 1.2 kg/m³ solubilised total rod and 2.3…
K J McCarthy, J W Creffield, L J Cookson, H Greaves
Promoting Commercially Available Epoxy Resins for Non-biocidal Wood Preservation
2019 - IRG/WP 19-40877
…of wood by vacuum double impregnation followed by a curing process was developed for two reference species, beech Fagus sylvatica and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. The tested products were evaluated for their ability to improve wood’s physico-mechanical properties, such as the anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and…
P Poveda, M Mubarok, S Dumarcay, M Montibus, I Le Bayon, M Kutnik, P Gerardin, F Simon
An examination of the potential for the use of the Maillard reaction to modify wood
2018 - IRG/WP 18-40829
…and is non-leachable in service. A commercially-viable process also requires a water-based delivery system, the use of impregnation agents of low-toxicity, thermal-curing and no concerns regarding toxicity at end of life of the modified wood product. The aim of the work was to react non-toxic reagents using a…
K Peeters, E Larnøy, A Kutnar, Č Tavzes, C A S Hill
Interaction of Boultonizing and through-boring of Douglas fir sapwood
2018 - IRG/WP 18-40833
…lowered the mechanical properties but the Boultonizing process did not. There was also no evidence for a negative synergistic interaction of the through-boring and Boultonizing treatments. These data suggest that there is no need for concern about combining through-boring and Boultonizing treatments for Douglas…
F Gasteiger, J Lloyd, A Taylor
Influence of hygro-thermal treatment temperature and duration on dimensional stabilisation of wood modified with poly(butylene succinate)
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40813
…at high temperatures, the oligomers hydrolysis in the process is possible. This article relates the products flow in wood structure under varying HTT conditions, as well as the influence of OBS diffusion in wood on the treatment anti-swelling efficiency (ASE*). After HTT, there is an effective diffusion of the…
C Grosse, M Noël, L Rautkari, P Gérardin
Effect of treating process on efficacy of CCA in a laboratory decay test
1990 - IRG/WP 3628
…Lowry (empty cell) and Bethell (full cell) treatment processes. Samples were then reduced to 40x40x7 mm³ test blocks and exposed to the decay fungus Coniophora puteana using an agar/block technique. Replicate blocks were analysed for preservative components. Regression analyses of percentage weight losses of…
M E Hedley, K Nasheri, J G Van der Waals
Industrial fixation of chromium based wood preservatives
1990 - IRG/WP 3630
Fixation is an abstract and non-defined process. Nevertheless it is a specified requirement in most impregnation standards. The impregnation industry is facing increased pressure to deliver fixed products and to increase the safety of the handling of impregnated products. Industrial fixation of…
T Christensen
The susceptibility to sludging of sulfate and oxide CCA
1990 - IRG/WP 3599
…CCA in a pilot scale pressure plant using a full cell process. CCA solutions were recovered from the final vacuum phase, placed in plastic tubes, and their susceptibility to sludging determined by examining changes in solution pH, time required for sludge to form and weight and chemical composition of sludge…
B T Mutandadzi, P D Evans
How intraspecific radial variability of the European Oak’s may influence mild pyrolysis process and durability of the material
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40725
…(180°C T 240°C under inert atmosphere) is a preservation process with a weak environmental impact, and therefore, is viewed as an interesting alternative to the chemical impregnation methods. It is generally well recognized that final properties of thermally modified wood like decay resistance, dimensional…
J Hamada, A Pétrissans, F Mothe, M Pétrissans, P Gérardin
Effect of different concentration of furfurylation on physical properties and decay resistance of Paulownia wood
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40762
The furfurylation process is an extensively investigated wood modification process. Penetration of Furfuryl alcohol molecules into the wood cell wall results in a permanent swelling. In the present study, different concentrations effect of furfuryl alcohol monomer on…
M Ghorbani, H Asghari