Your search resulted in 71 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The quantitative determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in treated timber – results of an extended ring test
2002 - IRG/WP 02-20240
The determination of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) by means of a 2-phase-titration or photometry is a well established procedure for the quantification of cationic detergents in aqueous solutions. It is known that this analytical principle can also be used for the measurement of QAC extracted from treated timber. However only few information are available concerning the reproducibility or th...
E Melcher, C Bornkessel, J Gunschera, R Hamberg, H Härtner, H-N Marx, U Schoknecht, J Wittenzellner
On the resistance of consolidated ancient wood against Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen: Fr.) Schroeter
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10348
Structural timbers and other wood objects of cultural value in historical buildings and museums are often attacked by wood-destroying fungi. The aim of conservators is to preserve such damaged timbers and prevent further biodeterioration by impregnation with consolidants. There is little knowledge of the resistance of consolidated timber and art objects to a new attack by wood-destroying fungi. Br...
W Unger, A Unger, U Schiessl
Persistance of active ingredients in treated wood
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-20
Disposing of chemically protected waste wood implies the distinction between surface and pressure treatment. Considering that barked round-wood merely contains, after 7 months open storage, less than 30 g per ton of bark or 25 mg per ton of sapwood, depending on the type of insecticide, the bark or sapwood shavings may be incinerated normally, according to less severe legal prescriptions than for ...
E Graf, P Manser, S Rezzonico, B Zgraggen
Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) during the combustion of impregnated wood
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-19
Wood waste and industrial wood residues often contain various preservatives. The waste management for these residuals can be recycling, deposition or combustion. Among the three possibilities, combustion seems to be the most efficient way of disposal. To obtain detailed information about emissions of organic compounds with environmental impact, especially polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) a...
T Salthammer, H Klipp, R-D Peek
Characteristics and quantity of impregnated wood waste in Germany
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50041
The disposal of wood waste in Germany is one of the main problems not only for the wood preservation industry but also for all concerned with wood waste. Data on characteristics and quantity of wood waste are still needed. Based on criterions given in a previous paper (IRG/WP 93-50006), several assortments have been characterized with regard to their hazardous potential and their logistical aspect...
A Voss, H Willeitner
Improvement in dimensional stability against water of the main Spanish timbers impregnated with water repellent organic protectors
1988 - IRG/WP 3468
The study reported the increase of dimensional stability against water of the main Spanish timbers, both broadleaved and coniferous, after impregnation in the autoclave with organic protector, with contains 33.3% water repellent waxes and resins. The proposed Spanish standard, U.N.E. n° 56541 is used, where dimensional stability of the impregnated wood is expressed as a% of that of the non-impreg...
J A Rodríguez Barreal
The quantitative determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using TD-GC-MS
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20223
Last year we presented the paper (IRG/WP/00-20201) "Determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using GC-MS". Based on the intensive discussion at the meeting, the first experiences made with the calibration of the system for this application will be reported. For the quantitative determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide in treated wood, milled m...
P Jüngel, J Wittenzellner, E Melcher
Environmental situations on wood preservation industries in Japan
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-21
Because of environmental civil oppinions, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan, reviesed "the standards for sawn lumber" in 1994. For the possibilities of the use of preservatives out of CCA, by the using of the hazard levels, new products like ACQ, DDAC and emulsified zinc-naphthenate can be used in the standards. Since 1994, the permitable limit of the arsenic in the waste wa...
K Suzuki
Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30384
Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted on durability (termite and decay combined) rating data collected over 20 years exposure period of over 140 species of Sarawak timbers with altogether 30,000 stake specimens, at the Forest Department’s Sibu “graveyard” stake test sites from 1977. About 20 replicated stakes were pressure-treated to refusal with 10% g/ml concentration of up to 3 CCA-sa...
Wang Choon Ling, A H H Wong
Treatment of wood by diffusion of salts
1976 - IRG/WP 368
A brief survey is given on the treatment of wood by diffusion of salts. The compounds used for this process, mainly boron and fluorine compounds, are mentioned and the factors influencing diffusion described. The main pre-condition is a high moisture content of the wood of above 40%. Fields of application are fresh roundwood, remedial treatment of poles and sleepers, preservation of posts and espe...
G Becker
Recycling of impregnated timber: Part 1: Crushing, combustion plants, amount, costs and logistics
1999 - IRG/WP 99-50131
The object of the recycling research was to determine the technical and economical requirements of recycling of CCA-impregnated wood. The safest and most effective way is to crush impregnated timber in a stationary crushing plant where the reclaiming of dust is managed. The combustion techniques designed to burn solid Finnish combustible matter are applicable to burn crushed impregnated timber. Be...
T Syrjänen
Microdistribution of water-borne preservatives in blue gum treated by full-cell process
1990 - IRG/WP 3617
The present work deals with the study of the microdistribution of copper, chrome and arsenic elements in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. sapwood, treated with a CCA water-borne preservative by full-cell process, with the help of scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersion X-ray analysis technique. The work shows that the retention of CCA elements is high in vessels and vasicentric par...
D De Sousa Castro Reimão, J M Palacios
Changes of EPR spectra of wood, impregnated with copper based preservatives, during exposure to Antrodia vaillantii
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10355
Spruce wood (Picea abies) samples were impregnated with two different aqueous solutions: copper(II) octanoate with ethanolamine or copper(II) sulfate (cCu = 1,0 x 10-2 mol/l). Impregnated and unimpregnated test pieces were exposed to wood rotting fungus Antrodia vaillantii. Some strains of this fungus are known as copper tolerant. After four weeks of exposure to A. vaillantii, we could not detect ...
M Humar, M Petric, F Pohleven, M Šentjurc
Detoxification of salt impregnated wood by organic acids in a pulping process
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50012
The paper descibes a novel method to detoxify pine wood (Pinus silvestris L.) treated with CCB-, CCF- CC-, and Cu-HDO-type salt preservatives. In the process of biological detoxification organic acids produced by strains of Antrodia vaillantii and other brown rot fungi are used for the dissolution of the previously fixed inorganic compounds. These findings are the basis for applying an acid pulpin...
I Stephan, H H Nimz, R D Peek
The potential use of impregnated coconut wood for power line poles in rural areas of Java
1980 - IRG/WP 3130
Electrification of rural areas in Java needs thousands of power line poles which are relatively cheap in price, but have adequate strength and are fairly durable. A choice of wood species is available in the country. One alternative is coconut wood found in abundance in the villages. This may give a solution to Java's needs since supplies are readily available almost everywhere. Based on ...
H Yudodibroto
Shorter-term biological control of wood decay in pre-seasoning pine roundwood as an alternative to chemical methods
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1555
Previous studies on the long-term control of decay in creosoted transmission poles, using Trichoderma and other antagonistic moulds, have met with limited success. However, it is possible biological control is more suited to control of decay on shorter time scales. An earlier study, focusing on pre-seasoning treatment of transmission poles showed that favourable porosity increases could be brought...
M W Schoeman, D J Dickinson
Changes of copper and chromium content after leaching in wood impregnated with the CCB and CB preservatives
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50147
The objective of the study was impregnated with CCB and CB preservatives pine wood of moisture content varying from 12% to 55% subjected to leaching. Losses of copper and chromium were determined for individual layers of wood up to 3 cm from the girth. The results were compared to the total amount of metals determined in water extracts. The degree of leaching of metal ions from wood of 55% moistur...
B Mazela
Partial seasoning and preservative treatment systems for pine roundwood
1982 - IRG/WP 3187
Experimental trials at FRI, Rotorua showed that the steaming schedule normally used for steaming and venting is also suitable for steaming and vacuum seasoning. Applying vacuum of up to -84 kPa immediately after steaming did not increase the initial loss of wood moisture significantly in comparison to steam/venting. The main improvement to wood condition by using steam/vacuum appeared to be to dis...
A J Bergervoet
Hole delimination inside round timber via ultrasonic techniques
1990 - IRG/WP 2358
A fast and economic circular scanning method to localize and evaluate holes inside round timber is presented. This method consists in measuring transit times of the ultrasonic wave by fixing the transmitter probe in the perimeter of the sample, then moving the receiver probe every ten degrees until completion of the circle. The scanning is done with a cheap and light instrument. Tests are made wit...
G Prieto, A Fernández Cancio
The role of chromium in wood preservatives - The situation and new results concerning biological efficacy
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30397
A heavy discussion about the status of chromium-containing compounds in wood preservatives has ensued in the European Union since the Biocidal Product Directive 98/8/EG has come into force.The origin of this discussion is the fact that according to the Biocidal Product Directive chromium trioxide and sodium dichromate have been identified as active ingredients and therefore the placement of wood p...
P Jüngel, H Härtner, E Melcher
Performance of softwood preservative treated stakes after 4 years exposure in-ground to decay fungi and termites in tropical Australia
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10643
This field study was based on the 1993 IUFRO method and designed as a graveyard (in-ground) test in the tropical region of the Northern Territory to examine the efficacy of novel preservative formulations developed as alternative protection for softwood timber against decay fungi and termites for Hazard Class 3 and 4. This study was supported by the Forest and Wood Products
Research and Develop...
B M Ahmed (Shiday), J R J French, S R Przewloka, P Vinden, J A Hann, P Blackwell
Comparison of permeability at different levels of moisture content in Bornmullerian fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.) impregnated under vacuum/pressure through full-cell method by using CCA and CCB of different concentrations
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40366
In this study, a comparison has been made in terms of the combined, longitudinal, tangential, and radial permeability of the species of Bornmullerian fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.) with moisture contents of 50 % and 15 %, which were impregnated under vacuum/pressure through full-cell method by using water-borne wood preservatives (impregnation materials)...
I Usta
Fungal decay resistance and durability of wood products made from borax-impregnated wood and bonded with corn starch and tannin adhesive
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30494
At present, the production of wood composites mainly relies on the petrochemical-based and formaldehyde-based adhesives such as phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins, which are non-renewable and therefore ultimately limited in supply. This paper concerns the decay resistance of wood products bonded with a new, environment-friendly adhesive derived from abundant and rene...
A Moubarik, A Pizzi, A Allal, F Charrier, B Charrier
Tensile stress relaxation of wood impregnated in different ACQ formulations at various temperatures
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40456
The reactions between ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ) constituents and wood components were investigated by tensile stress relaxation approach. Small wood samples were stressed and impregnated in ACQ solutions with different formulation including the ethanolamine (MEA) to copper molar ratio, copper (as copper oxide) to quat (as DDAC) weight basis, treatment temperature and also the solution concentra...
Lili Yu, Jinzhen Cao
Sorption properties of wood impregnated with aqueous solution of boric acid and montan wax emulsion
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40492
Non-biocidal techniques for wood protection become more and more important, nowadays. One of the possible treatments is use of water repellents. In the present research influence of, one of the possible water repellent, the montan wax emulsion, on the moisturizing and the sorption characteristic of impregnated wood was investigated. To achieve a better protection against wood decay fungi, montan w...
B Lesar, M Humar