Your search resulted in 77 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Resistance of borate-treated lumber to subterranean termites in the field
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10255
Borate-treated wood samples were tested for their resistance against subterranean termites in the field. Wood samples (10.5x10.5x40cm3) of western hemlock were pressure impregnated with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and assigned into two groups on the basis of boron contents:high retention (1.5-2.2%BAE) and low retention(O.7~1.3%BAE). Eight rep...
K Tsunoda, A Adachi, T Yoshimura, A Byrne, P I Morris, J K Grace
Comparative field performance of CCA and CCA-water repellent treated Southern pine lumber
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30089
This paper describes the field performance of end-matched southern pine boards treated with either CCA type C or CCA type C containing an emulsion water repellent (WR) additive. Boards were either kiln or air-dried after treatment, constructed into decks, and exposed for over 3 years at Harrisburg, NC. During this exposure, matched boards were monitored for internal moisture content, cupping at mi...
A R Zahora
Recent development in North American industrial wood preservation plants
1988 - IRG/WP 3467
After remaining static for many years there have been a number of changes in plant design and treating cycles in recent years. This has been particularly true in the USA where few restrictions are placed on plant treating cycles by specifications; since only results type specifications are used. It is also important to realize that the AWPA Specifications for Southern Yellow Pine only call for tre...
J F Bridges
A comparison between high and conventional incision densities for improving preservative treatment of Douglas-fir heartwood lumber
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40009
Incising is required for the preservative treatment of most wood species from the western United States; however, there is considerable debate about the density of incisions required to achieve adequate treatment. Previous studies have shown that the incision effect on treatment is relatively narrow, suggesting that incision densities should be significantly increased over current practices and st...
S T Lebow, J J Morrell
Sawn timber of fir (Abies alba Mill.) - Treatability and usability for the Hazard Classes 3 and 4
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40147
Within a national research project, tests on the treatability on sawn timber of fir (Abies alba Mill.) in oscillation pressure, vacuum pressure and double-vacuum processes have been worked out with 95 trunks taken from 3 different altitude levels (up to a height of 590 metres, 600 to 990 metres and over 1000 metres) and from 4 different regions of Switzerland. As the treatability of round wood can...
E Graf, T Bör
Reduction of kiln brown stain in radiata pine lumber after log fumigation with methyl bromide
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30129
Methyl bromide fumigation of freshly felled radiata pine log sections effectively killed living cells in parenchyma to at least 75mm into sapwood. Lumber cut from logs (fumigated and control) stored 1 month outdoors (dry) showed slightly reduced brown stain when kiln dried at conventional temperatures. A more dramatic reduction and elimination of brown stain was noted in lumber cut from fumigated ...
E Schmidt, M E Hedley, D R Page, D Cross
Performance of Borate-treated lumber in a four-year, above-ground termite field test in Hawaii
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30265
We report the fourth year of field study results from a protected above-ground field test in Hawaii simulating the sill plate (dodai) used in conventional Japanese housing construction. Field tests were established in both Hawaii and Japan to examine the efficacy of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT, 2% and 3% shell and through) wood treatments. In Hawaii, chromated copper arsenate (CCA, 4 kg/...
J K Grace, R J Oshiro, A Byrne, P I Morris, K Tsunoda
Six-year Report on the Performance of Borate-treated Lumber in an Above-ground Termite Field Test in Hawaii
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30343
We report the fifth and sixth years of field study results from a protected above-ground field test in Hawaii simulating the sill plate (dodai) used in conventional Japanese housing construction. Field tests were established in both Hawaii and Japan to examine the efficacy of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT, 2% and 3% BAE shell and through) wood treatments. In Hawaii, chromated copper arsen...
J K Grace, A Byrne, P I Morris, K Tsunoda
Fluoride movement through Douglas-fir and hem-fir lumber following dipping in potassium/ammonium bifluoride
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40040
The ability of ammonium and potassium fluoride to diffuse through Douglas-fir and hem-fir lumber was evaluated over a 90 day period. Boards were dipped in a solution containing 10% (by weight) of ammonium and potassium bifluoride, then stored under cover for 90 days. Samples removed 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment indicated that the fluoride was unable to completely penetrate the wood. Penetrat...
J J Morrell, C S Love
Sentry®), a new antisapstain formulation for protecting logs and lumber. - Part 1: advances in protection of New Zealand radiata pine logs
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30188
Until recently antisapstain formulations gave approximately 10 weeks protection to radiata pine logs and even within this time frame protection was often not consistent. Industry requires 20 weeks protection. The degree of protection sought by industry is in the order of 90-95%. For example, this equates to a maximum of 5 - 10% surface cover of sapstain in the first whole veneer produced from a pe...
R N Wakeling, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter, I Dorset, R Kuluz, J Wakeman, T Price, B Nairn
Mould growth at lumber surfaces of pine after kiln and air drying
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40033
Distribution of water soluble substances in green wood and later redistribution during drying is of importance for the colonisation of wood by microorganisms. According to literature the availability of nitrogenous materials is probably a major limiting factor to the microbial colonisation of wood. King et al. (1974) and Oxley et al. (1976) have shown correlation between surface nutrient concentra...
N Terziev, J Bjurman, J B Boutelje
Resistance of borate-treated lumber to subterranean termites under protected, above-ground conditions
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30239
An experiment to simulate the dodai (sill plate) of the Japanese houses was conducted at the termite field test site of Wood Research Institute in Kagoshima, Japan where two economically important subterranean termite species [Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe)] are established. DOT(disodium octaborate tetrahydrate)-treated hem-fir samples [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.)...
K Tsunoda, A Adachi, T Yoshimura, A Byrne, P I Morris, J K Grace
The potential for reuse of treated wood poles removed from service
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-18
Poles removed from service in Ontario and Quebec, Canada were characterized by age, wood species, preservative type, residual preservative, dimensions and condition. Based on this charactarization, the potential for reuse as round poles or posts, sawn posts, timbers and lumber, cedar roof shingles and firewood was assessed. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the recovery and grade of lumber p...
P A Cooper
Defacement of freshly sawn Corsican pine lumber by sapstain and mould fungi and the influence of arthropods
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10227
In a trial to study the arthropods associated with sapstain and mould fungi, freshly sawn Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima (Aiton) Melville) boards were block stacked at a local sawmill. Each stack was constructed in a nest arrangement with smaller boards in experimental tanks, positioned in the centre of the stacks. Boards were converted from a stock of sawlogs at monthly intervals, to pr...
N J Strong, J F Webber, R A Eaton
Database of sapstain fungi affecting lumber, logs and trees
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10534
Sapstain fungi discolour lumber, logs and tree sapwood and are often mistaken for moulds, which cause a superficial discoloration. Stained wood has a lower market value. Further, because stained wood products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi, such products may be refused by importing countries. Addressing these issues involves developing ways for accurately identifying staining fungi, docume...
S Lee, F de Giuli Vallverdu, S Alamouti, Jae-Jin Kim, A Uzunovic, C Breuil
Mechanical properties of CCA-treated southern pine after post-treatment kiln drying
1989 - IRG/WP 3543
This report reviews current research dealing with the effects of waterborne preservative treatment and redrying on the mechanical properties of wood. In general, waterborne preservative treatments reduce average mechanical properties. This effect is exaggerated when treated wood is kiln-dried after treatment, especially at elevated temperatures. For lumber, recently completed research at the Missi...
H M Barnes, J E Winandy
Prevention of non-microbial sapwood discolorations in hardwood lumber: chemical and mechanical treatments
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30137
Sapwood discolorations in hardwood lumber that are non-microbial in origin result from the formation of pigmented starch-like granules in ray parenchyma cells. These discolorations can be prevented by treating unseasoned lumber with an antioxidant (sodium bisulfite). Exposing unseasoned lumber to microwaves or treating logs with fumigants also will prevent these discolorations. Subjecting unseason...
T L Amburgey, S Kitchens
Effect of post-treatment processing on leachability of ACZA-treated douglas-fir lumber
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50109
The effect of post-treatment procedures that more rapidly precipitate copper, zinc, and arsenic in douglas-fir treated with ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) on subsequent leaching resistance were investigated at two retentions (6.4 and 40 kg/m3). Total leaching was greater from boards treated to the higher retention. At both levels, copper was lost at the highest rate. Post-treatment process...
J J Morrell, C S Love, S Kumar, C M Freitag
Laser incising of spruce lumber for improved preservative penetration
1991 - IRG/WP 3646
Red spruce heartwood specimens were incised using a range of laser beam power levels and pulse durations. The penetration of CCA through these holes into the wood was monitored after pressure treatment. In addition, green and dried spruce samples were incised using two patterns with incision densities of either 16.1 holes/in² or 21.3 holes/in². Following CCA pressure treatment the samples were t...
B Goodell, F A Kamke, Jing Liu
Internal pressure development in Douglas fir lumber during pressure treatment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40091
Preservative treatment of Douglas fir lumber to meet current industry standards poses a major challenge and a variety of methods have been developed to overcome these problems. One aspect for treatment improvement that has received less attention is the relative effect of treatment parameters on changes in pressure within the wood. Previous studies of spruce and radiata pine suggest that internal ...
P F Schneider, J J Morrell
Dominant genera of fungi isolated from the surfaces of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood lumbers exposed at six test sites from northern to southern regions of Japanese islands
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10304
The surfaces of wood materials are disintegrated not only by sunlight and rainwater but also by microbes when exposed above ground condition. This paper deals with the investigation of fungi isolated from the surfaces of Sugi heartwood lumbers (W100 by T10 by L300 mm) exposed at an angle of 45° without ground contact for 16 months at the six test sites from northern to southern regions of Japan. ...
S Doi, M Mori, M Kiguchi, Y Imamura, M Hasegawa, S Morita, S Nakamra, Y Kadegaru
Performance of borate-treated lumber in a protected, above-ground field test in Japan
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30344
This document is supplemental to the previous IRG document (Tsunoda et al., 2002).
An experiment to simulate the sill plate (dodai) of the Japanese houses was conducted at the termite field test site of the Wood Research Institute in Kagoshima, Japan where two economically important subterranean termite species [Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe)] are established. ...
K Tsunoda, A Byrne, P I Morris, J K Grace
The potential of high pressure pulsation processes to treat white spruce lumber with water-borne preservatives
1988 - IRG/WP 3471
Laboratory work using end sealed 4x8x46 cm³ white spruce samples has been done to explore the suitability of three variants of a 2.1 MPa pulsation process for the impregnation of white spruce with CCA. The results showed that the process improved significantly the penetration of the preservatives and reduced significantly cell collapse, when compared with the results of treatment using a 2.1 MPa ...
J P Hösli, J N R Ruddick
Sawmill Evaluation of a Bioprotectant against Moulds, Stain and Decay on Green Lumber
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10460
Moulds, stain and decay cause serious problems on wood utilization. Though a growing volume of wood is kiln-dried, the market for green exports remains significant, and environment-friendly wood protection is required to replace traditional chemicals. As a solution to this problem, Forintek Canada Corp. developed a bioprotectant for protecting logs and green lumber from moulds, stain and decay, wh...
Dian-Qing Yang, M Gignac, M-C Bisson
Survey of North American practice in conditioning forest products before preservative treatment
1972 - IRG/WP 308
Seasoning requirements for the wide range of forest products which are treated with preservatives and fire retardants must be capable of dealing with a very complex set of conditions which are summarized under a number of variables including type and hazard of end use, the most effective distribution of preservative, a wide range of cross sectional dimensions, the possibility of seasoning by a ran...
J Rak, T S McKnight