Your search resulted in 841 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The role of mechanised harvesters in the dissemination of fungal inoculum into radiata pine logs in New Zealand
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10426
A joint research programme has been initiated between Forest Research, New Zealand and Forintek Canada Corp., Canada, to determine the role of mechanical tree harvesters on disseminating fungal inoculum into logs. Mechanical harvesters cause loosening and removal of bark and also damage the surface of the wood with their feed rollers leaving indentations up to several centimetres deep. Results ...
D O’Callahan, B Kreber, A Uzunovic
The effect of boric acid on the protozoan numbers of the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes lucifugus
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10148
Lower termites harbor in their guts populations of microorganisms known to be indispensable for their survival, being responsible, at least partially, for the digestion of cellulose, the main item of termites'diet. The Reticulitermes species in particular harbor in their hindguts some unique intestinal fauna, for instance protozoa belonging to the genera Pyrsonympha, Dinenympha and Trycho...
L Nunes, D J Dickinson
Effects of steaming heat treatment of wood on the stimulation of termite feeding
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10212
At the 26th IRG conference, we reported that steamed Japanese larch heartwood samples were suffered a serious attack by subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus both in choice and no-choice feeding tests. This is possibly caused by the yield of termites stimulants in the wood samples resulting from the steaming process. Since the steaming heat treatment has often been applied to other several ...
S Doi, Y Kurimoto, M Takahashi, T Yoshimura
The role of chitinase in bioprotectant activity against staining fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10175
Chitin is an important structural component of the hyphae of many wood staining fungi and its disruption can lead to dramatic declines in their growth. A number of bioprotectants have been shown to produce chitinases in liquid cultures, but the role of these enzymes in bioprotection remains poorly understood. The levels of these enzymes was studied by inoculating ponderosa pine sapwood wafers with...
J Liu, J J Morrell
Accidental mold/termite testing of high density fiberboard (HDF) treated with borates and N’N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA)
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10462
High density fibreboard (HDF) was made from beech and pine furnish (50:50) and treated with boric acid (0.1-3%), borax (0.1-3%) or N'-N-(1,8-naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA) (0.1-1%) prior to gluing with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin in order to determine resistance to Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), the most economically important termite species in North Am...
S N Kartal, H H Burdsall Jr, F Green III
Major insects attacking timber used for building purposes and a practical approach for their control
1990 - IRG/WP 1449
Lignocellulosic materials like wood, bamboos, palmyra palms, reeds, leaves and grasses have been the oldest materials used by human beings. Although with the rapid pace of industrialisation, specially in several western countries, wood began to be replaced with alternative materials like cement, steel etc. yet its use has not vanished even in highly developed countries. Some of the reasons for thi...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee
Termite durability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) heartwood kiln-dried under high-temperature process in relation to wood extractives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10547
Termite durability of sugi heartwood samples kiln-dried under a high-temperature process were evaluated by using Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) as a test termite sp. The n-hexane extractives of these samples were analysed by a GC technique. The less termite durability was shown on the wood samples dried under the high-temperature process, in comparison with that of the air-dried samples. No GC-p...
S Shibutani, E Obataya, K Hanata, S Doi
Temperature studies on two mounds of Coptotermes lacteus (Isoptera)
1986 - IRG/WP 1295
The temperatures within and around two Coptotermes lacteus mounds located in a cleared and shaded forest site in a dry sclerophyll forest in central Gippsland were monitored. Hourly temperature measurements were recorded at each mound over a 24 h period in spring, summer and winter respectively. Regardless of site, Coptotermes lacteus maintained the core temperatures in the nursery area much highe...
D M Ewart, J R J French
Deltamethrin effectiveness against subterranean termite attack on wood under natural conditions
1989 - IRG/WP 1407
On fighting subterranean termites on wood, out of ground contact, the synthetic pyrethroid Deltamethrin shows positive aspects such as its efficiency and low mammalian toxicity. To evaluate its performance in conditions very similar to those in service use, specimens of Pinus sp were treated with solutions of Deltamethrin diluted in "white spirits" at 0.005% (w/w) and 0.01% (w/w) and exposed in a ...
P A Zanotto
A comparison of fungal strains used in the bioassay of wood preservatives
1984 - IRG/WP 2220
Previously published data are presented relating to a number of strains of wood-destroying basidiomycetes (Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor, Gloeophyllum abietinum, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Lentinus lepideus, Poria placenta, Fibroporia vaillantii and Serpula lacrymans) commonly used as test fungi in the bioassay of wood preservatives. The data, which has not been statis...
J Wazny, H Greaves
Oral toxicity of a slow-acting insecticide Amdro® to the Formosan subterranean termite
1982 - IRG/WP 1162
The use of toxic baits to control the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki requires an insecticide that is non-repellent and sufficiently slow acting that poisoned termites leave treated areas before dying. Of the many insecticides screened, only Amdro® exhibited these characteristics. The oral toxicity (LD 50) of Amdro® to Coptotermes formosanus was estimated at 12.33 µ...
N-Y Su, M Tamashiro, J R Yates III
The influence of fungal species and the level of decay on the mortality and feeding activity of adult Euophryum confine (Broun)
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10448
The mortality and feeding activity of adult Euophryum confine (Broun) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are used to establish the substrate conditions most suitable for their rearing. Weevils were allowed to feed on Pinus nigra (Arnold) sapwood blocks, either undecayed or
decayed to 10% weight loss ±5% by two brown rots Coniophora puteana (Schum.:Fr.) Karst. and Serpula lacrymans (Wulf.:Fr.) Schroeter...
M Green, A J Pitman
Screening of fungal strains for wood extractive degradation
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10254
Fungal strains were screened for their ability to degrade apolar extractives in wood from scots pine. The degradation of total wood extractives by 91 different strains was monitored in stationary batch assays incubated for 6 weeks. The results obtained show that the ability of wood-inhabiting fungi to utilize wood extractives varied greatly, even for different isolates of the same species. Fungal ...
J Dorado, M J Martinez-Inigo, T A van Beek, F W Claassen, J B P A Wijnberg, R Sierra-Alvarez
Field evaluation of several bait toxicants for subterranean termite control: A preliminary report
1988 - IRG/WP 1376
Since 1983, field studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several bait toxicants in reducing subterranean termite populations at the Chipola Experimental Forest in Florida. Tests with fenoxycarb (Ro 13-5223), Ro 16-1295, and Avermectin B1 indicated that fenoxycarb showed the most promise. Large numbers of presoldiers and intercastes have continued to occur in plots treated wit...
S C Jones
Subterranean termites of economic importance in suburban Melbourne: Wood structures most frequently attacked and damaged
1990 - IRG/WP 1430
An examination of wood structures in forty buildings actively being attacked by subterranean termites in Melbourne revealed that all buildings were being attacked and damaged by Coptotermes species. This indicates the economic importance of these species. Hardwoods were more frequently infested than softwood species. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to termite control, ...
J R J French
Preliminary investigation on the natural durability of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum)-based wood products
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40154
Conventional preservatives used to protect wood from insect and microbial damages are presently of major concern to human health and the environment. Finding alternative and economical preservatives has not been successful. Previous studies have shown that the resinous material extracted from the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) has both insect- and microbial-resistant properties. Unfor...
F S Nakayama, P Chow, D S Bajwa, J A Youngquist, J H Muehl, A M Krzysik
Oral toxicity of TIM-BOR®, Bora-Careä, boric acid and ethylene glycol against the formosan subterrean termite and easter subterrean termite
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10045
Oral toxicities (LD50) of boric acid, TIM-BOR® (disodium octaborate tetrahydrate: DOT) and BORA-CAREä (40% DOT in ethylene glycol) and ethylene glycol (ca. 80% monoethylene and ca. 20% polyethylene glycol) were estimated. Oral toxicities of BORA-CAREä were significantly higher (LD50: 256.2 µg/g DOT and 304.9 mg/g BAE) than TIM-BOR® alone (LD50: 408.2 µg/g DOT and 485.7 µg/g BAE); indicating...
M Tokoro, N-Y Su
A technique for determining the efficacy of water diffusible preservative plugs for implanting in joinery in service
1987 - IRG/WP 2291
A technique is described for determining the efficacy of soluble, diffusible preservative plugs for eradicating decay in joinery. It uses blocks of Scots pine sapwood or heartwood adjusted to known moisture contents prior to the establishment of the test fungus Coniophora puteana, from a single longitudinal dowel and the subsequent introduction of the preservative plugs. Prevention of decay, eradi...
J K Carey, A F Bravery
Practical considerations of the Formosan subterranean termite in Louisiana: A 50-year-old problem
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10330
In an eleven-year censusing (1989 through 1999) in the French Quarter of New Orleans and surrounding areas, Coptotermes formosanus alate numbers were found to be increasing dramatically in all years but one. Moreover, in parks and neighborhoods in New Orleans and Lake Charles, LA, as well as in Sam Houston Jones State Park near Lake Charles surveyed in 1998, alarmingly high numbers of this exotic ...
G Henderson
Studies on the fungicidal effectiveness of a petroleum derived product as a creosote alternative
1986 - IRG/WP 3384 E
This work, appears first because of the necessity to find out a profitable use for a residual product of the petrol pyrolisis, and second, because the lack of high natural durability wood used until now-a-days to build posts and sleepers in creosote lacking countries. Our main objective was pointed to the characterization of this new product and to find out the effectiveness against the wood-destr...
A M Navarrete, M T De Troya
Termite resistance of treated wood in an above-ground field test
1985 - IRG/WP 2241
A field test method has been developed for evaluating the susceptibility of wood products to termites in protected situations above ground. In this method fungal attack on the wood products is minimal, though decay has been observed in conjunction with termite attack in some specimens. Preliminary results from exposure of replicate wood samples treated with preservatives in Florida to Reticuliterm...
A F Preston, P A McKaig, P J Walcheski
Durability of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN ) wood treated in high temperature liquid paraffin
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40221
Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN )wood was subject to a heat treatment in high-temperature liquid paraffin for the purpose of improving the resistance against fungi and termites without chemicals. The bath of paraffin liquid, which can provide a uniform heat transfer (±2?), was used at temperatures of 90?,120?and 150?.?ecay resistance according to JIS K 15711) was evaluated using a brown rot fungu...
Y Matsuoka, W Ohmura, S Fujiwara, Y Kanagawa
Defining fungal decay types - A proposal for discussion
1985 - IRG/WP 1264
The present definitions of the fungal decay types, white rot, brown rot, and soft rot are somewhat vague. The definitions are based on a mixture of criteria involving morphological and chemical aspects of decay as well as taxonomic affiliation of the responsible fungal species. The present vague definitions have led some fungi being erroneously places in a wrong decay type. Furthermore, some fungi...
T Nilsson
Termite resistance of treated wood in an above-ground field test
1986 - IRG/WP 1300
This paper provides an update on the results from an above ground field test evaluating the effectiveness of wood preservatives against subterranean termites. Results for the one and two year inspections of treated southern pine sapwood exposed in Hawaii to Coptotermes formosanus are presented. Chromated copper arsenate is providing excellent protection as is the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Borate an...
A F Preston, P A McKaig, P J Walcheski
Degradation of resin constituents in various wood species by the white rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10301
In previous studies, the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was shown to cause extensive degradation of lipophilic extractives (resin) in Scots pine wood. Further research was carried out in order to investigate the ability of Bjerkandera sp. for reducing resinous constituents in various softwood (Douglas fir, larch and spruce) and hardwood species (birch, beech and poplar). The greates...
J Dorado, T A Van Beek, F W Claassen, R Sierra-Alvarez