Your search resulted in 364 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Securing Flame Retardancy in Wood: Durability After Artificial and Natural Weathering Test
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20738
…treatment was comprehensively evaluated by applying both artificial (ASTM D2898) and natural (EN 927-3) weathering. While flame retardants applied alone leached almost completely, the integrated approach partly retained the chemicals within the wood, showcasing exceptional resistance to leaching. Cone calorimetry…
M Wu, L Martin, H Militz
Aesthetic changes of coated thermally modified wood after artificial weathering
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40819
…Afterwards, the samples were subjected to accelerated weathering test and estimated the aesthetical response compared to untreated wood. The surface topography was monitored with a 3D scanner and a profilometer, showing slight visual changes although finding dissimilar roughness where irregularities in modified…
R Herrera, J Sandak, E Robles, J Labidi
Influence of artificial and natural weathering on water exclusion efficacy of wood
2015 - IRG/WP 15-20559
…The main question was, how WEE changes within time, artificial or natural weathering, fungal exposure, etc. In order to elucidate this question Norway spruce (Picea abies), European larch (Larix decidua) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood specimens were prepared. WEE of spruce wood was upgraded with…
M Žlahtič, M Humar
Influence of coatings on water uptake of wood surfaces before and after natural and artificial weathering
2013 - IRG/WP 13-40641
…with and without coating, before and after exposure to artificial and natural weathering has been studied. Spruce, oak and sapele samples have been exposed to the cycle of EN 927-6, to the cycle of the Gardner wheel and to natural weathering. Five coatings were tested including solventborne and waterborne,…
L Podgorski, S Collignan, J-D Lanvin
Use of Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy for in situ Observation of Degradation of Wood Surfaces during Artificial Weathering
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20489
…the structural changes occurring at wood surfaces during weathering, because specimens can be observed initially (before weathering), and then re-examined after exposure to the weather. This study uses VPSEM to examine the time-dependent micro-structural changes occurring at untreated and treated wood surfaces…
F Hatae, Y Kataoka, M Kiguchi, H Matsunaga, J Matsumura
Performance of selected types of coated and uncoated modified wood in artificial and natural weathering
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40510
…the influence of commercial wood modification methods on weathering behaviour and coating performance. It was aimed to compare modification methods and to set up maps of weathering behaviour for these methods with and without a semi-transparent wood stain. Artificial and natural weathering trials were carried out…
G Grüll, L Podgorski, M Truskaller, I Spitaler, V Georges, S Bollmus, A Steitz
Depletion and Redistribution of Boron in Bundles of Commercially Treated Lumber Exposed to Artificial and Natural Rainfall
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30474
…with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and exposed to artificial and natural rainfall was examined. When the lumber was exposed to periodic simulated rainfall, 5.7-8.1% of the measured boron present leached from the lumber after exposure to over 300 mm of rainfall. In tests which exposed boards to natural…
M E Mankowski, M J Manning
Effectos de la intemperización artificial sobre la madera de mezquite (Prosopis laevigata)
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40430
The effects of artificial weathering on Prosopis laevigata wood were studied on eight replicates (150 x 72 x 15mm (l x t x r)) free of knots, cracks and resin. The samples were exposed tangentially to UV light and to water spray during three cycles (1 cycle corresponded 1…
A Carrillo-Parra, F Hapla, C Mai
Effects of artificial UV weathering and soft rot decay on heat treated wood
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40302
…oven). Following treatment, specimens were exposed to UV weathering (300 hours) and decay by the soft rot fungus, Chaetomium globosum. The effects of each treatment were assessed by zero span tensile testing, microscopy and by FTIR.
Tensile testing of heat treated strips showed greater strength losses in the oil…
M D C Hale, S C Ghosh, M J Spear
Artificial weathering exposure as an alternative for standard ageing according to EN 84 (leaching) and EN 73 (evaporation)
2002 - IRG/WP 02-20254
…in more realistic alternatives for both ageing methods. Artificial weathering systems generally used to assess the weathering resistance of exterior coatings was looked at as an alternative. For this purpose artificial weathering devices were selected which besides a control of temperature and light also allow for…
J Van Acker, M Grinda, D J Dickinson
Durability of plywood made from soft- and hardwoods assessed according to ENV 12038 after artificial and natural ageing
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20191
…a) 12 weeks storage at 20°C/65% rh, b) 2 weeks artificial weathering (with rain and UV-radiation at changing temperatures), and c) a natural weathering according to ENV 12037 for 3 month, 6 month and for 9 month whereby the ENV 12038 specimens were cut from the lap-joints. In general for softwood panels…
H Leithoff, R-D Peek
Optimization via artificial intelligence of intumescent coatings for wood substrates
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40987
…materials that could contain a number of ingredients. Artificial Intelligence based optimization (more precisely Bayesian optimization) techniques appear to be efficient methods to optimize complex systems. This method has been used to optimize the chemical composition of an intumescent coating on wood…
E Verret, S Duquesne, A Collin
Comparative study of blue stain resistance of various types of wood stains after artificial and natural weathering
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2411
…of a preservative treatment against blue stain in service, artificial weathering has been proposed as an alternative for the natural weathering period of 6 months in the European standard EN 152. Research on a range of products and on complete finishing systems for external joinery was conducted during 1986-1990. It…
J Van Acker, M Stevens, M Nys
The influence of microclimate on the moisture conditions in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) joint exposed to artificial rain
2013 - IRG/WP 13-20505
…L. Karst.) joints of different designs were exposed to artificial rain in the laboratory and the duration of water in gaps and on surfaces were monitored as well as wood moisture content profiles. This paper presents moisture content measurements in one joint from this study. The joint consisted of one vertical…
M Fredriksson, L Wadsö, P Johansson
Blue stain in timber in service. Results of co-operative tests to compare different artificial weathering systems 1981-82
1983 - IRG/WP 2193
…laboratory experiments comparing the effects of different artificial weathering systems on chemicals to control blue-stain in service. Atlas, Xenotest and Marr equipments are shown to give essentially the same results for 5 of the 6 chemicals tested.
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
A summary of work carried out to compare natural and artificial weathering for preconditioning test specimens in testing anti-stain chemicals for wood in service
1976 - IRG/WP 266
…The method is based on the Butin test and involves pre-weathering of the samples prior to biological testing. The weathering regime employed is 6 months outside exposure from March to October. This imposes severe limitations on the number of tests that can be carried out each year and has prompted considerable…
D J Dickinson, A F Bravery
Laboratory tests on artificial weathering of Quercus rubra crossties
1986 - IRG/WP 2252
…aging tests including boil, steaming, and cyclic weathering. It was found that the repeated vacuum and pressure treatment of wood in water, steaming, oven-dry, and freezing appeared to be most effective in reducing the MOE in compression and hardness modules of wood specimens. Red oak crossties which were…
P Chow, A J Reinschmidt, E J Barenberg, S L Lewis
Blue stain in timber in service. Results of further IRG collaborative tests to compare different artificial weathering systems
1981 - IRG/WP 2146
…PCP and 1.5% Preventol A4 - PA4) subjected to 5 different artificial weathering systems (BAM Xenotest, Cuprinol Marr, EMPA Xenotest, Gori Atlas and PRL Marr) and after natural weathering at 5 sites (BAM, Cuprinol, EMPA, Gori and PRL). Results showed good correlation between natural weathering and 500 hours in the…
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
Artificial weathering as an aid to assessing the effectiveness of chemicals for preventing blue stain in service - a co-operative study
1984 - IRG/WP 2215
…on Wood Preservation to assess the effects of different artificial weathering systems on the performance of fungicides to control blue-stain in service. It has been shown that Atlas, Xenotest and Marr equipments operated according to particular standard schedules can give essentially the same results for 5 of 6…
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
Blue stain in timber in service. Preliminary results of the IRG collaborative tests to compare natural and artificial weathering
1978 - IRG/WP 286
…and panels treated by Cuprinol Ltd early in 1977. Natural weathering was carried out by BAM, Cuprinol, EMPA, GORI and PRL during April-September 1977. The biological test was carried out by the authors at PRL during May and June 1978 and final assessments were made in September 1978. Artificial weathering systems…
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
Study on leaching of a magnesium fluorosilicate product (SF salt) from wood-boards by rain in the open and by artificial shower
1976 - IRG/WP 264
…(1) the comparative leaching effect of natural rain and of artificial shower in the laboratory; (2) the comparative leaching effect on the active ingredient in proportion to the dye-stuff of the product. The results show that a continuos light rainfall with low precipitation has a much stronger leaching effect than…
S Cymorek
Photo-degradation of modified and non-modified wood, coated with water borne acrylic coatings during artificial light exposure
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30416
…(with 3% pigment content) acrylic coatings during artificial UV light irradiation for 200 hours. Photo-degradation was evaluated in terms of colour changes throughout the irradiation period at an interval of 50 hours, along with IR and EPR spectroscopic study. One set of modified and non-modified woods was…
M Deka, M Tomažic, M Petric
Artificial drying of impregnated wood
1987 - IRG/WP 3448
Sawn timber (Pinus Sylvestris) of dimension 50x150 mm was impregnated with CCA by a full-cell process. The timber was then dried in a conventional kiln or a special vacuum kiln where the timber was dried by circulating superheated steam. Drying time was 16 day…
M-L Edlund
Preventive action against fungal decay: A comparative experiment on the effects of natural and artificial infection of wood by Basidiomycetes
1981 - IRG/WP 2160
M Fougerousse
Testing wood in ground contact: An artificial soil
1977 - IRG/WP 280
…document is an interim report on the development of the artificial soil medium. It includes some information on the relationship between soil, wood and water which is of relevance in testing.
E F Baines, D J Dickinson, J F Levy