Your search resulted in 3524 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Recent studies into improved fire retardancy of wood undertaken at Luleå University of Technology
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30784
Modern construction is moving more towards engineered wood products, such as glulam and cross-laminated timber (CLT). This increase is driven by the aspiration to deliver high-rise buildings with enhanced environmental profiles and human well-being. This desire to use wood in construction is pushing the need for fire treatments capable of meeting a products service life. However, the use of wood ...
D Jones, C-F Lin, I Kim, E Garskaite, O Karlsson, D Sandberg
A novel wood preservative with vegetal extracts-cypermethrin mixture protects H2-weathered envelope-treated tropical hardwood kempas against Coptotermes termites
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30794
In accordance with sustainability development initiatives by commercial wood protection to conceive of cost-effective, environmentally acceptable wood treatment solutions replacing traditional biocides, this paper reports an aboveground subterranean termite test of termite-susceptible heartwood blocks of the tropical (Malaysian) structural hardwood kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) envelope-treated ...
D Messaoudi, A H H Wong
Identifying compatible waterborne timber preservatives and fire retardants for use in a VPI system: a practical approach
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30796
To enhance the use and suitability of timber in all applications in both exterior and interior settings, timber typically needs to be treated with a preservative and/or a fire retardant chemical. Combining fire retardants with preservatives into a single treatment process has been a long-term aim of researchers in the timber preservative industry because of the significant logistic and economic ad...
R Robinson, S Meldrum
Enhanced durability of bio-based materials for green building
2023 - IRG/WP 23-50382
Wood protection technologies provide tools to enhance the durability of bio-based materials for green building. Both wood and related bio-based material are regarded as eminent for green building. It allows to underpin several of the United Nations sustainable development goals and is regarded critical for the Green Deal objectives of the EU. Nevertheless, to enhance the potential it needs to be b...
J Van Acker, L De Ligne, J Vand den Bulcke
End-of-life options for engineered wood products / Treated timber in a circular economy
2023 - IRG/WP 23-50383
Australians are excellent consumers of products. These products ultimately end up as waste materials and need to go somewhere. Australia produces around 28 million tons of waste per year with around 50% currently ending up in landfill, including a significant amount of timber, engineered wood products (EWP’s), and preservative treated wood (PTW). Limited landfill capacity, increasing costs, and ...
H Brooke
X-ray fluorescence microscopy of copper ion distribution in decay of copper-treated wood by Fibroporia radiculosa
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11047
Copper is an essential metal ion for eukaryotic life and must strictly be regulated as excess levels can cause oxidative damage, enzyme inhibition and denaturation, interruptions in nutrient transport and even cellular death. Copper-based wood treatments have efficacy against a wide range of biological organisms including decay fungi and are used in the majority of preservative formulations for ou...
K M Ohno, J Jakes, A B Bishell, L Li, Q Jin, E Maxey
X-ray micro-computed tomography of copper distribution in CA, ACQ and MCA treated wood and changes in microstructure of ACQ-treated southern pine following natural weathering
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20707
We hypothesized that X-ray micro-CT would be able to visualize: (a) the distribution of copper in CA-treated southern pine; and (b) microstructural changes in ACQ-treated southern pine exposed to natural weathering. Small blocks were removed from southern pine samples treated with CA and also southern pine treated with ACQ and MCA. Small blocks were also removed from ACQ-treated boards (flat and p...
D Feng, M Turner, P D Evans
Barriers of polyglycol/borate treated wood prevent termite attack to untreated wood above them in 10-year field tests
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20709
As a pioneer in wood protection and borate research Terry Amburgey, a lifetime member of the IRG, had many projects where borates were used in subsequently commercially very successful applications. This paper is one of the initial research projects that lead to polyglycol borates being used as a standalone treatment to protect against termites in new homes which has now been well proven over the ...
K W Ragon, J D Lloyd, T L Amburgey
Comparison of copper leaching from alkaline copper quat and copper compound nanosol-based wood preservative treated wood
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20726
To improve the leaching resistance of copper ion-based wood preservatives, copper compound nanosol-based wood preservatives were developed and its copper leaching characteristics were evaluated. Three types of preservatives (DC1, DC2, DC3) were prepared with different crystallinity and dispersant types of copper compound nanosol, and the copper concentration was adjusted to be the same as that of ...
Y-S Choi, S-M Yoon, J O Kim, J-G Kang, J-G Park
Preservative properties of boron-treated paulownia wood
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20729
This research was performed to investigate the preservative retention properties of paulownia wood treated using boric acid/borax at mass ratio of 1:1.8. Different portion of paulownia wood (top, middle, bottom) were used as a sample throughout of this study. In the treatment process, the paulownia wood was dipped in the 1% boric acid/borax solution for 1, 24, 72, 120 and 240 hours to achieve requ...
T Khadiran, M A M Abdullah, S Lipeh
Physical, durability and chemical characterization of Gmelina arborea (Roxb.) wood treated with lactic acid
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30803
The increase in demand for durable wood has drawn attention to the use of fast-grown plantation species across the globe. Chemical modification was used to treat Gmelina arborea wood with lactic acid for property enhancement. The treated samples were obtained from two different ages of 15 and 10 years and sawn into (20 x 20 x 60) mm and (20 x 20 x 20) mm for physical, durability and chemical chara...
T O Akinwamide, J M Owoyemib, E A Iyiolac
Preliminary investigation of the durability and performance of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) treated aspen strandboard
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30804
Wood modification technologies are growing in popularity because of their potential to improve wood properties by permanent covalent chemical modifications rather than chemical impregnation. These features can be utilized in wood composites to help improve dimensional stability and composite resistance to fungal decay. In this study, 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) was used to m...
S Johnson, F Kamke, G Presley
Bio-durability and weathering performances of cardanol-treated wood
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30809
Cardanol is an excellent insecticide, fungicide, and termiticide derived from thermally treated cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and has been extensively explored in the chemical industry and for medicinal uses. However, its potential for wood protection remains unexplored. This study aims to understand the bio-durability and weathering properties of cardanol-treated wood. The southern pine and yello...
L Liang, McDonald, A G, L Cai
Outdoor termite resistance performance of zinc borate (Borogard® ZB) treated parallel strand lumber (PSL) – 15 years field test results
2024 - IRG/WP 24-40999
This report discloses the outdoor termite resistance performance of PSL samples treated with zinc borate at a dosage of 0.85% BAE and 1.72% BAE in Wuxi, China. The outdoor field trial lasted for 15 years and observations were made after 6 months, 3 years, 5 years 1 month, 6 years 6 months and 15 years. The retaining rates of B2O3 and ZnO in the final samples were also tested, and the hypothesis wa...
S Shi, E Laval, K Lung, F Ascherl, R Williams, W Li, X Li
Field performance of preserved shakes and shingles
2024 - IRG/WP 24-41000
Wood shakes and shingles are used in applications where they are at risk of decay, either in sidewall (UC3.1) or roofing (UC3.2) applications. Material durability may come from using the heartwood of naturally durable species, using preservative treatments, or both. Through a series of long-term field tests, this paper explores the performance of naturally durable and preserved shakes and shingles...
R Stirling, S Kus
Levels of chromated copper arsenate in aged radiata pine vineyard posts
2024 - IRG/WP 24-50389
At the Centre for Timber Durability and Design Life, Australia a cooperative project is underway with Forest and Wood Products Australia, supported by a consortium of timber producers, chemical suppliers and timber users to identify alternative pathways for treated timber and EWP’s. Under this initiative, we are focusing on establishing the current and forecasting future volumes of treated timbe...
T Singh, T Yi, P Mitchell, J Norton
Exploring the migration of creosote in freshwater environments: A study on treated wood immersion
2024 - IRG/WP 24-50392
Creosote is used as a wood preservative in aquatic environments and contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as active ingredients. It is critical to quantify the impact of these commodities on the environment to ensure specific uses of these commodities complies with federal and state regulatory standards for water bodies. This study explores Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) migration patte...
I Rashidijouybari, M Konkler, K Quigley, G Presley
From Wet to Preserved: Collecting Data of Waterlogged Wood Treated with PEG in Lanyan Museum and Study the Effect of Molecular Weight on Dimensional Stability
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11080
Waterlogged archaeological wood are most commonly unearthed in Yilan County, with over one-third originating from the Yilan Agricultural School site. This study aims to analyse the current state of conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood in Yilan County and hopes to properly alleviate the irreversible damage caused to the waterlogged archaeological wood after they leave the water layer. Ho...
K-L Huang, P-Y Kuo
Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Wood via In Situ Polymerization of Phosphorus-Containing Ionic Liquids
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20736
Wood, a ubiquitous material in furniture and construction, is limited by its natural flammability. Existing wood flame retardant technologies are often ineffective and lack environmental sustainability. Ionic liquids (ILs), known for their non-flammability and non-volatility, offer a green solvent solution to these challenges. In this study, we synthesized a novel phosphorus-containing, polymerisa...
J Jiang, Y Wu, J Luo, W Qu
CIOL Wood - Scientific Innovations in Wood Modification for Enhanced Performance and Usage
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20743
CIOL® is a wood modification technology designed as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional wood preservatives. Utilising a biobased formulation based on sorbitol and citric acid, CIOL® enhances wood's chemical structure, improving its durability, stability, and resistance to decay. This paper provides an overview of the advancements made in CIOL® technology, including its improv...
E Larnøy, A Treu, M Diraison, M Smith, A Audouin, P T Lewandowski, J Biørnstad
NTR classified preservative-treated laminated wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20750
NTR is a trusted quality labelling system used for the classification and quality control of wood products that have been treated with preservatives or modified. These labels are issued by the Nordic Wood Preservation Council (NWPC) and in recent years, producers of glued laminated timber as well as building material suppliers have shown increasing interest in NTR classification for glued laminate...
J Jermer, F Westin, R Digaitis
Durability Analysis of Bio-based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Treated Wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20753
The aim of this study is to explore the application of bio-based materials in outdoor construction. Enhancing the durability of wood products effectively extends their carbon storage lifespan, making it essential to investigate their long-term durability. The study used commercial resin (CPF) and laboratory-synthesised petro-based phenolic resin (LPF) as control groups. Japanese cedar specimens we...
T-H Lin, P-Y Kuo
Investigation of a commercial fire-retardant additive on particleboard properties
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20755
Fire resistance of wood-based panels is in addition to mechanical and sorption properties, an important property when considering its usability for construction applications. Increased fire resistance is achieved through fire retardant addition during panel production or by spraying fire-retardant on already finished panel. A potential downside of fire-retardant addition during panel production ca...
D Jones, S Medved, M Lawther
Sustainable and environmentally friendly bio-based protection against fire
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20756
Flame-retardant agents are used to confer fire resistant properties with effects strongly dependent on their ability to form char during the thermal degradation. The char coats the polymeric materials and provides a good barrier against heat and oxygen diffusion, thus reducing the combustion rate of the polymeric materials. Halogenated agents that are used today are toxic and may cause severe heal...
M Tanase-Opedal, A Larsson, P O Flaete
Curing Behaviour of Bio-based Phenol Formaldehyde Resin and the Durability Performance of Treated Wood
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20758
The aim of the study is to investigate the curing behaviours of bio-based PF resins treated Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). Compared to conventional wood preservatives such as metal-based ACQ, bio-based PF resin was more environmentally-friendly and can store more plant-based carbon inside treated wood. However, all these preservatives have the risk of being leached out. This study conducte...
Y-S Lee, P-Y Kuo