Your search resulted in 146 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Remediation of a large CCA-impregnation plant
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-13
During 1949-85 the Swedish Telecom ran a plant for pressure impregnation of poles in Hjältevad, 80 km east of Jönköping in the southern part of Sweden. About one million poles were treated with CCA-preservaties. Leaks and accidential spills have contaminated soil and groundwater within the 5 ha large site. The total amount of released arsenic, the main pollutant, is estimated to 6-7 metric tons...
P Englöv
The effect of pretreatments on the impregnation of air-dried sawn Belgian spruce
1988 - IRG/WP 3490
In general the impregnation of airdried spruce results in a variable treatment and limited penetration. This is the result of pit aspiration that occurs during drying of the spruce sapwood and heartwood. Spruce timber is becoming of greater importance in Belgium and hence research for better treatment of this vulnerable wood species is needed. Squared airdried timber of different dimensions were e...
J Van Acker, M Stevens
Wood Preservation in the United Kingdom
1979 - IRG/WP 385
This is only the first of several reports in English currently being prepared about wood preservation in Europe. The report deals with the extent of industrial impregnation and the number of impregnation plants in use today in Great Britain. Timbers which are treated for various end uses and their life expectancies are discussed. The market for wood preservatives, the size of the motorway fencing ...
R Cockcroft
Supercritical fluid impregnation of Douglas-fir heartwood with cyproconazole using temperature induced deposition
2003 - IRG/WP 03-40259
A limited understanding of the fundamental aspects of supercritical fluid (SCF) impregnation in wood remains an obstacle to the development of this technology. Developing a better understanding of the effects of various process parameters on treatment results would facilitate more rational development of SCF impregnation. In this project, the effect of treating period and specimen length on su...
Sung-Mo Kang, J J Morrell
Temperature and pressure inside wood during creosote impregnation
1991 - IRG/WP 3649
Creosote gives the best protection against decay for sleepers and poles. However, it has a major drawback - bleeding. Modified impregnation processes to reduce bleeding have been tried. For developing such processes it is important to know the actual temperature and pressure inside the wood. This paper describes measurement of temperature and pressure inside wood during creosote impregnation. The ...
Ö Bergman
Accelerated diffusion treatment of sawn Sitka spruce grown in the UK
1986 - IRG/WP 3395
The treatment of 'green' sapwood and heartwood of Sitka spruce by diffusion methods was investigated. Steam/dip treatment processes gave increased solution uptakes and depths of penetration of copper in comparison with a simple dip treatment. Further investigation is required to reduce diffusion gradients with copper based formulations and to improve the penetration of '...
R J Murphy, D J Dickinson
Controlled envelope treatments of Pinus sapwood, achieved by modifications to impregnation process and carrier solvents
2003 - IRG/WP 03-40258
Specimens of slash pine or radiata pine were treated to a target retention of 0.02% m/m permethrin with conventional light organic solvent fluids or with oil-modified fluids (Tanalith® T). Best achievable envelopes from LOSP fluids were poorly controlled, penetrating not only the target outer 0-5 mm zone (mean 0.019%, RSD 28%), but also breaking through into the 5-10 mm zone (mean 0.013%, RSD 37%...
M J Kennedy, P R S Cobham
Potential for using dip/supercritical fluid treatments for wood impregnation
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40276
While supercritical fluid impregnation offers tremendous potential for impregnating wood species that resist conventional liquid preservative treatments, the resulting treatments are often not uniform among samples in a charge or between charges. One factor that influences treatment is the dynamic change in pressure that occurs during introduction of the biocide laden supercritical fluid into the ...
Sung-Mo Kang, J J Morrell
New principles for the protection of wood: Impregnation with waterborne resins
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40047
The environmental impact of classical wood preservatives as well as the use of tropical wood species with high natural durability is regarded increasingly critically in the public. Therefore other partially new principles for the protection of wood, like chemical modification, or treatment with resins were examined especially in USA, Japan and in Europe with promising results predominantly in the ...
A O Rapp, R-D Peek
Protection of rubberwood timber. Part 1: Impregnation with boron preservatives
1989 - IRG/WP 3551
Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) were treated with a 3% proprietary mixture of borax/boric acid using three different treatment schedules i.e. full-cell, full-cell to refusal and full-cell with 12 cycles of vacuum/pressure. Freshly cut samples had mean preservative retentions of 187 kg/m³, 214 kg/m³ and 178 kg/m³ respectively. Pre-air dried samples for one week had retentions of 252 kg/m³, 308 ...
L T Hong, C C K Liew
Impregnation of timber and regulations applied to preservation practice in Greece
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-04
The practice of wood preservation in Greece was started about 80 years ago and refer to creosote-treated timber used in ground contact (i.e. railway sleepers, poles). At present, three creosote impregnation plants and thirteen CCA or CCB units exist in Greece treating about 90.000 m3 of wood per year. Most of the research on wood preservation has been carried out in the last 15-20 years and refer ...
S Adamopoulos, E Voulgaridis
Estimation of the impregnation degree of pine wood by the distribution analysis of active ions concentration in the cross-section
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20174
Samples in the form of pine wood rollers of diversified moisture content of ca. 50, 28 and 12% were impregnated with a water solution of the mixture type CCB with the use of the full-cell process. Moisture content was determined in individual layers from the girth to the pith. In the same way the concentrations of copper and chromium ions with the use of the spectrophotometric method and recalcula...
K Lutomski, B Mazela
Wood Preservation in Belgium
1981 - IRG/WP 3170
The report reviews wood preservation activities in Belgium and notes the number of authorized treatment depots has doubled during the past five years. It lists the timbers that are allowed to be used for joinery and constructional building purposes and the preservatives and treatments with which these timbers may be protected. In Belgium not only have the wood preservative product and its treatmen...
M Stevens, R Cockcroft
CCFZ, a new type of water-borne wood preservative for vacuum pressure impregnation
1991 - IRG/WP 3643
By combination of CCF-Salt types with zinchexafluorosilicate a remarkable improvement of efficacy is achieved. In the same time the ecotoxicoligical data become more save. As well as the efficacy against wood-destroying organisms (Basidiomycetes, Soft rot and Long horn beetle) the basic data to evaluate the ecotoxicological behaviour of a CCFZ-Salt are described and compared with the properties of...
W Metzner, D Seepe, H-W Wegen
Comparison of the anti-fungal efficacy of Cobra with drill perforation on oscillating pressure treated spruce transmission poles -Laboratory test
1988 - IRG/WP 3469
A laboratory method for measuring the depth of penetration of the fungicidal concentrations effective against basidiomycetes (brown rot) was developed. The tests on CCB oscillating pressure treated spruce transmission poles have shown that the depth of salt penetration can be increased by about 10 mm by a drill perforation before the impregnation. An even better penetration is reached, however, if...
E Graf, B Zgraggen
End grain sealing by polymer impregnation
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3708
The solution and dispersion characteristics of several hydrophobic derivatives of cellulose have been studied and the abilities of these polymers to afford effective end grain sealing of Corsican pine have been examined. Both solution and dispersion treatments with ethyl cellulose imparted good water repellency and end grain sealing to wood samples, however, the disperse systems possessed lower vi...
J M Lawther, W B Banks, D G Anderson, J A Cornfield
Microwave modification of Yellow Stringybark (Eucalyptus Muelleriana) posts for impregnation with Copper-Chrom-Arsenic (CCA) preservatives
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40185
Yellow Stringybark posts with diameters ranging from 60-100 mm were microwave conditioned using a 60 kW microwave (MW) generator. A substantial improvement in heartwood penetration of preservatives and relaxation of growth stresses was indicated such that there was no split formation following drying of the posts. High preservative absorption of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) was achieved ranging fro...
G Torgovnikov, P Vinden
Tilting and vacuum treatment - two methods to obtain a non-dripping freshly treated timber
1989 - IRG/WP 3535
Modern impregnation plants are designed to prevent spread of impregnation solutions from the plant through leakage, etc. It is also important that freshly treated timber does not spread solutions through dripping on the storage area. To prevent this, the impregnation procedure is terminated with a vacuum period. In many plants in Sweden this period is minimized or even excluded to gain time. Inste...
I Johansson, M-L Edlund
A review of the efficacy and uses of deltamethrin for wood preservation
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30105
The synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin, is one of the most active insecticides available for protecting and curing wood from attack by beetles and termites. Freshly felled trees can be protected against bark beetles by spraying to run off with a 0.025% Al solution (K-Otek EC25) with negligible leaching. Alternatively, sawn timber may be dipped in a 0.0125% Al solution for short to medium term prote...
A J Adams, J L Lindars
A new vacuum/pressure plant system
1988 - IRG/WP 3479
In the subtropical regions, the problem of wood supplying becomes more and more difficult to be solved. In that context, the Centre Technique Forestier Tropical had paid a particular attention to the valorization of products issued from plantations in dry zones of Africa. In these plantations, the products of clearings can be used as fencing, stakes or for traditional construction. However in thes...
C Dalois, R Schwartz, G R Y Déon
Microdistribution of water-borne preservatives in blue gum treated by full-cell process
1990 - IRG/WP 3617
The present work deals with the study of the microdistribution of copper, chrome and arsenic elements in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. sapwood, treated with a CCA water-borne preservative by full-cell process, with the help of scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersion X-ray analysis technique. The work shows that the retention of CCA elements is high in vessels and vasicentric par...
D De Sousa Castro Reimão, J M Palacios
Three-year field trials of polymeric formulations which provide a new basis for the invention and design of non-toxic wide-spectrum wood preservatives
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40029
Three types of non-toxic polymeric formulations invented using a new approach to wood preservation were challenged with termites and fungi in three-year ground-contact field trials in the sub-tropical climate of Natal. These formulations were copper soaps of carboxylic acid groups of unsaturated fatty acids of waxes and edible vegetable oils; of resin acids of rosin, and, of synthetic unsaturated ...
A A W Baecker, A Pizzi
Gaseous preservative treatment of wood
1990 - IRG/WP 3631
A recent development in processing wood with a gaseous preservative means that dry, treated wood can be produced in under 30 hours with the benefits of product diversification, faster stock turnover and the ability to respond to short term demand. About 400,000 m³ of wood are treated each year in New Zealand with boron salts to protect from borer infestation. Traditionally this treatment is effec...
R Burton, A J Bergervoet, K Nasheri, P Vinden, D R Page
Internal pressure development within Oriented Strand Board during supercritical fluid impregnation
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40175
Supercritical fluids (SCF) offer an attractive alternative to conventional treatment processes for delivering material into wood, but there are many unanswered questions concerning the technology. One major concern is the potential for the development of excessive pressure gradients in the wood that might exceed the material properties and lead to crushing or other pressure-induced damage. Previou...
G Oberdorfer, P E Humphrey, R J Leichti, J J Morrell
The resistance of timbers to impregnation with wood preservatives
1979 - IRG/WP 3137
It is anatomical structure which determines liquid flow rate within different timber species. This cannot be deduced from properties such as density or rate of growth, and can only be found by experiment. A standard test has been in use at the Princes Risborough Laboratory for many years, employing a pressure-impregnation treatment, and a large number of timbers have been studied. The test consist...
Anonymous