Your search resulted in 1116 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Design of Field Trials for Evaluation of Antisapstain Products
2003 - IRG/WP 03-20263
Field trialing is an important phase of antisapstain product development and careful planning is required to ensure trial validity for predicting performance in the industrial situation.
Experiences of trialing antisapstain products on lumber over a ten-year period are discussed in this paper.
It is not mandatory to source "fresh " wood for trialing and useful information can be generated even...
F W Frazer, N R Edmonds, B J Nairn
Combustion properties of Alder wood treated with some new environment friendly natural extractives. Part 1. Effect of Natural Tannins on the Combustion Properties
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40234
Powders of the brutia pine bark, sumach leaves, acorn, gall-nut and boric acid and borax which are known as potential environment friendly wood preservatives were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-88 in order to determine their combustion properties. A commercial treatment compound, Tanalith-CBC, was also used for comparison.
The results indicated that the natural extractives did not have an...
Ü C Yildiz, A Temiz, E D Gezer, S Yildiz
Treatability and natural durability of some lesser used or unused wood species of Bangladesh
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40170
A research study was conducted to determine the natural durability and treatability of heartwood of some lesser used or unused wood species. The treatability of species has been studied along with certain anatomical concepts association with preservative penetrability of the wood. It was observed that grain structure and presence of tyloses appeared to be correlated with penetrability of the wood....
K Akhter, M Younusuzzaman, M H Chowdhury
The Efficacy of Wood Preservative Treatments in Laboratory Soil-Bed Test
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20289
The efficacy of wood preservatives were determined in laboratory soil-bed test. Pine and alder wood samples (10 x 10 x 10 mm) were treated with CCA (1, 2%), ACQ-1900 (2, 3%), ACQ-2200 (1, 2%), Tanalith E 3491 (2, 2,8%), Wolmanit CX-8 (1, 2%). The leached and unleached samples were exposed 76 days at Simlångsdalen soil and determined mass loss.
The results of this study showed that mass losses o...
A Temiz, T Nilsson, Ü C Yildiz, E D Gezer, S Yildiz
A technique for the rapid assessment of wood surface degradation during weathering
1987 - IRG/WP 2281
Radiate pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) sapwood samples taken from four trees were converted into thin strips 100 x 10 x 0.085 (85 µm) mm³, (longitudinal x radial x tangential) in size and exposed in preweighed hatches to the weather inclined at 45° facing equatorially for 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days. Significant (P < 0.001) weight losses occurred with time over the exposure period. Differen...
P D Evans, D Abbott, S Thein
Biofumigation of sapstaining fungi using natural products
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10428
Control of deep-seated fungal infections in raw logs of radiata pine continues to be a challenge for achieving consistent and satisfactory protection of high value logs destined for export markets. To develop solutions for this problem, a study was undertaken to investigate inhibition of spore germination and growth of sapstaining fungi by volatiles released from a selection of natural products.
...
B Kreber, C Chittenden, R N Wakeling
A reliable spot test for TCMTB in wood
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2391
Test specimens of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and spotted gum (Eucalyptus maculata) were treated with aqueous emulsions of Busan 30WB and Busan 31, containing the fungicide TCMTB (2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole), or with solutions of TCMTB in toluene. These and matching untreated specimens were subjected to a wide range of procedures in an attempt to reveal TCMTB penetration patterns. Most ...
D E Ferlazzo, M J Kennedy
Variation in natural durability of British grown Douglas fir ((Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Part I. Effect of density and growth rate
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10445
Seed origin trials of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in Britain have provided important information on growth differences between origins (Lines, 1987), but the variation in wood properties between origins has not been reported. The present paper describes a study of the variation in natural durability against two brown rot fungi (Coniophora puteana and Postia (Poria) placenta) and in a fung...
S Akhter, M D C Hale
Ecotoxicological behaviour of leachates from superficially treated timber as an approach for a test strategy of environmental risk assessment in wood preservation
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-09
At present for wood preservatives, which in Germany are subject to the quality mark of the RAL-Gütegemeinschaft Holzschutzmittel, health and safety as well as environmental aspects are evaluated by official authorities, as BgVV (Federal Institute for Consumer Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine) and the UBA (Federal Environmental Agency).
From the environmental point of view to day there a...
H W Wegen, U J Lucks
Applications of the shower test. Part A: Results from CCA type C treated wood: influence of fixation process
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50009
This report outlines the results of shower tests conducted on CCA type C treated wood. The results indicate the inherent good fixation of CCA type C, as judged by the leaching limits within the Environmental Regulations. The shower test has proven to be a useful quality control and research test. It determines reasonably accurately the leaching under simulated conditions and, admittedly from a lim...
W J Homan, H Militz, D A Lewis
IUFRO rating system compares favourably to weight loss for soil-bed testing
1990 - IRG/WP 2343
The soil-bed/small stake test is commonly used for rapidly evaluating the performance of new, more environmentally acceptable, preservatives. In a 1.5 year experiment with three copper-based waterborne preservatives, visual evaluation and probing using the IUFRO performance rating scale (0-4) gave very similar toxic thresholds to those derived from measurement of weight loss at the end of the expe...
P I Morris
Field test design for service life prediction of wooden components
2005 - IRG/WP 05-20308
Wood is predominantly degraded by organisms. Thus, compared to other building materials, service life of wooden material is influenced by many more factors, which are divided into direct and indirect factors. Climate, geographical position, and construction criteria count to the indirect decay factors.
Besides material inherent properties (natural durability, wood preservatives), wood temperature...
A O Rapp, C Brischke
Characterization of checks and cracks on the surface of weathered wood
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40153
The surface roughness of unweathered and untreated pine; unweathered copper chromium arsenate type C (CCA) - treated pine; weathered CCA-treated pine; and weathered CCA-plus-water-repellent (WR) - treated pine was evaluated by a stylus tracing method. Surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rk, Rpk, and Rvk were measured. Ra, Rpk, and Rvk were the most appropriate parameters for describing modi...
D P Kamdem, Jun Zhang
International collaborative laboratory comparison of two wood preservatives against subterranean termites: Update
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20032
It was agreed by members at the termite workshop at the 24th annual meeting of IRG in Orlando, USA, in May 1993 to initiate an international subterranean termite laboratory bioassay to compare the various preferred termite protocols used by IRG termitologists. The author was nominated to co-ordinate this comparative laboratory evaluation of two wood preservatives (CCA and Cu-naphthenate) against t...
J R J French
Durability of Anogeissus acuminata timber used for plank-built catamarans
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10551
Catamaran, the most versatile traditional fishing craft used along the Indian coast is made hitherto of solid timber of a few selected species of broad-leaved soft woods. Due to scarcity coupled with high cost of these timbers, the craft, of late, are fabricated from the wooden planks of an indigenous hardwood species, namely, Anogeissus acuminata (Yon) belonging to the family Combretaceae. Infor...
M V Rao, M Balaji, V Kuppusamy, K S Rao
Influence of felling time on the natural durability of norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10250
Natural durability was tested in a laboratory test according to EN 113. The test fungi were Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta. Additionally, the test method was modified by using water agar instead of malt agar, so that wood was the only nutrient source for the fungi. In a third attempt the samples were inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum before testing.
The trees were felled on the 22.7.97...
M Hirmke, K Messner, J Fellner, A Teischinger, R Wimmer
Natural durability of fifty species of Indian timber in Goa waters against marine wood-borers
1989 - IRG/WP 4150
Results of the investigations on the natural durabilitv of fifty species of Indian timber, based on data collected bv exposing test panels at Betim near Panaji (Goa) continuously for a period of 11 months are presented. The study revealed that none of the timber species tested has any natural resistance at this locality and all the panels were completely destroyed within 11 months. Details on the ...
L N Santhakumaran, S Udaya Bhaskar, J C Jain
In-ground field test of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood and heartwood
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30336
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood and heartwood stakes treated with CCA-C and creosote were tested for one- year in a field plot in Bartın region in Turkey.
Scots pine heartwood stakes had lower preservative retention than sapwood stakes. Bending strength of the stakes was decreased after impregnation and one-year field test. While the bending strength of untreated sapwood was 93....
H Sivrikaya, H Hafizoglu
Performance trials of treated hardwood fences
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30281
This paper examines the performance of the traditional hardwood paling fence used in Australia, after preservative treatment. Unseasoned rails, palings and plinths of the low natural durability species Eucalyptus regnans (mountain ash) and E. obliqua (messmate) were treated with PEC (pigment emulsified creosote) or PROCCA (an oil emulsion of CCA). Treated posts of these species were also compared ...
L J Cookson D Scown, B Iskra
Performance of preservative-treated timber against biodeterioration in Indian waters
1984 - IRG/WP 4106
Results on the investigation on the durability of panels of 32 timber species, pressure-treated with various preservatives and exposed along the Indian coast for varying periods upto a maximum of 15 years, are summarised. Panels of even non-durable timber gave excellent results against biodeterioration after treatment. Their life was comparable to that of treated durable timber. The preservative t...
L N Santhakumaran, J C Jain, M C Tewari
Performance of borate-treated sill plates (dodai) in a protected,
above-ground field test in Japan
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30278
This document is supplemental to the previous IRG document (IRG/WP 2000-30239).
An experiment to simulate the dodai (sill plate) of the Japanese houses was conducted at the termite field test site of the Wood Research Institute in Kagoshima, Japan where two economically important subterranean termite species [Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe)] are established. DOT...
K Tsunoda, A Adachi, A Byrne, P I Morris, J K Grace
New conception for shortering the duration of fungitoxic test of wood preservatives. Part 2: Computer-assisted miniaturisation of wood specimens
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20052
The mass loss of wood used as a criterion in the standarised agar-block method of evaluation of toxic value of preservatives depends upon the relationship between volume of specimens, their outspread planes and ratio of areas of particular anatomic sections. Upon the computer-assisted mathematical basis the dimensions of miniaturized specimens which make 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 part of standarized ones ...
J Wazny, K J Krajewski
Evaluating the potential of amine chemicals for use as wood protecting agents. Part 1: Investigation of cation components of quaternary ammonium compounds
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30049
Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) have shown a great potential as more environmentally acceptable wood preservatives. In order to identify chemicals possessing the wood protecting potential, an evaluation was carried out of a range of commercially available 'quats', using a modified soil block test. Ponderosa pine sapwood blocks were treated with selected 'quat&a...
Hang Tang, J N R Ruddick
Soft Rot Decay of Cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) Heartwood in Ground Contact in Relation to Extractive Microdistribution
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10501
The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii, fam. Dipterocarpaceae) is naturally durable. A square-sawn utility pole specimen of cengal heartwood, after 30 years in ground contact, showed 10-15 mm surface decay all around the ground line position, accompanied with isolated surface termite attack at the decayed region. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the decayed regions prov...
A P Singh, A H H Wong, Yoon Soo Kim, Seung-Gon Wi, Kwang Ho Lee
Durability of surface coating systems. Mycologg - an accelerated mycological test.
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20301
Field testing and natural aging/degradation of test sample, e.g. coated wooden surfaces is a slow process. Accelerated tests focus on mechanical properties, water uptake or sometimes stain fungi.
Artificially weathered coated panels are not easily compared with naturally aged panels, and show the importance of involving the biological component among the degrading facors. It is a need for acce...
L Ross Gobakken, J Mattsson, B Jacobsen, F G Evans