Your search resulted in 987 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Six-year Report on the Performance of Borate-treated Lumber in an Above-ground Termite Field Test in Hawaii
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30343
…shell and through) wood treatments. In Hawaii, chromated copper arsenate (CCA, 4 kg/m3) and ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA, 4 kg/m3) were included in the test, along with untreated western hemlock and Pacific silver fir controls. Both field sites support active Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes…
J K Grace, A Byrne, P I Morris, K Tsunoda
Water-Borne Copper Naphthenate: An Emerging Wood Preservative
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30280
Waterborne copper naphthenate (WB Cu-N) was used to treat southern yellow pine (Pinus spp) and red maple (Acer rubrum) stakes. The treated stakes were exposed in test sites located in Florida, Michigan and Mississippi for 3 to 6 years. Copper Chromium Arsenate…
P Nzokou, D P Kamdem, M H Freeman
Performance of Borate-treated lumber in a four-year, above-ground termite field test in Hawaii
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30265
…shell and through) wood treatments. In Hawaii, chromated copper arsenate (CCA, 4 kg/m3) and ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA, 4 kg/m3) were included in the test, along with untreated western hemlock and Pacific silver fir controls. Both field sites support active Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes…
J K Grace, R J Oshiro, A Byrne, P I Morris, K Tsunoda
Termite resistance of borate-treated lumber in a three-year above-ground field test in Hawaii
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30236
…shell and through) wood treatments. In Hawaii, chromated copper arsenate (CCA, 4 kg/m3) and ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA, 4 kg/m3) were included in the test, along with untreated western hemlock and Pacific silver fir controls. Both field sites support active Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes…
J K Grace, R J Oshiro, A Byrne, P I Morris, K Tsunoda
Waterborne preservative treatability of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch)
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40112
…was evaluated for preservative treatability with chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) and ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA). The fixation and leaching characteristics of CCA-C treated tamarack sapwood and heartwood were also evaluated. CCA-C penetration into both sapwood and heartwood was poor. ACA fully penetrated the…
A Taylor, Y T Ung, P A Cooper
Effect of post-treatment processing on leachability of ACZA-treated douglas-fir lumber
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50109
…of post-treatment procedures that more rapidly precipitate copper, zinc, and arsenic in douglas-fir treated with ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) on subsequent leaching resistance were investigated at two retentions (6.4 and 40 kg/m3). Total leaching was greater from boards treated to the higher retention. At…
J J Morrell, C S Love, S Kumar, C M Freitag
Leaching and chemical redistribution of CCA components in refractory heartwood of E. nitens
2024 - IRG/WP 24-41011
Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) is a wood preservative widely used to protect against fungal and insect attack. The fixation mechanism of CCA involves complex chemical reactions, including the reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) and the formation of insoluble…
J R Vargas, L Yermán, K C Wood, T Singh
Levels of chromated copper arsenate in aged radiata pine vineyard posts
2024 - IRG/WP 24-50389
At the Centre for Timber Durability and Design Life, Australia a cooperative project is underway with Forest and Wood Products Australia, supported by a consortium of timber producers, chemical suppliers and timber users to identify alternative pathways for tr…
T Singh, T Yi, P Mitchell, J Norton
Long-term Performance of Treated Timbers in a Sub-tropical Marine Exposure
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11015
…and southern pine samples treated with 6.7% chromated copper arsenate (CCA-Type C) showed little evidence of either external or internal damage. Samples treated with 3.3% CCA, Dreamdex ® polymer impregnated wood and 10%, 20% and 30% phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin treated wood all contained some level of…
E L Galore, J Norton, A Zahora
Reducing successful settlement by shipworm larvae on wood that has been modified using furfurylation
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11017
…to protect timber, however, treatments like CCA (chromated copper arsenate) and creosote are now restricted by legislation in Europe. In response, alternative methods to reduce marine borer attack have been explored, including chemical wood modifications, like furfurylation. This technique is non-biocidal and has…
L Martin, I Guarneri, S Lande, M Westin, S Cragg
A simple method for assessing the effects of lyctid beetle attack on longitudinal compressive strength of spotted gum sapwood
2023 - IRG/WP 23-20700
…gum utility poles that are air seasoned prior to chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment. While this damage is allowed, there are no reports quantifying the effects of the beetle galleries on pole properties. Full scale testing would require substantial quantities of poles in order to obtain a range of degrees of…
M Powell, J J Morrell
Establishing the minimum effective penetration of wood preservatives in the refractory heartwood of E. nitens
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30780
…to determine the minimum effective level of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) penetration into Eucalyptus nitens heartwood that prevented fungal colonization by the brown rot Fomitopsis ostreiformis. Visual and culturing results indicated that the epoxy barriers failed to prevent fungal colonization on the…
J R Vargas, J J Morrell, L Yermán, K C Wood
Through-boring to improve the performance of low durability Eucalyptus species for utility poles: 10-year field test results of pole stubs exposed in Southeast Queensland
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40972
An impending shortage of naturally durable hardwood electricity pole timbers in Australia has encouraged investigation of alternatives containing less durable, untreatable heartwood. Through-boring or drilling holes perpendicular to the long axis before treatm…
J Norton, L P Francis, J J Morrell
Multi-scale Experimental Study on Self-sustained Smouldering of CCA-treated Timber Poles
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40988
…it is accepted that appropriate treatment with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) will extend the design life of wood markedly, there are concerns regarding the effect of treatment on fire performance. Smouldering combustion in CCA-treated timber infrastructure can self-sustain, destroying the timber elements, as the…
W Wu, L Yerman, J J Morrell, F Wiesner
Field tests of preservative-treated radiata pine in Japan
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30083
…alkyl ammonium compound (AAC) formulations and with copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) as reference preservative were installed in 3 test sites in Japan in 1981-82. When inspected in 1995, CCA-treated stakes showed less decay at all three sites than stakes treated with other formulations. Ammoniacal copper…
M E Hedley, K Tsunoda, K Suzuki
Depletion of wood preservatives after four years' marine exposure in Mt. Maunganui harbour, NZ
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50036
…data for a Class II CCA, a CCA-A formulation, acid copper chromate and ammoniacal copper arsenate are presented. The results suggest differences in the rate of loss of individual preservative components among the four formulations and redistribution of individual preservative components within the wood.
K J Archer, A F Preston, C M Chittenden, D R Page
Effect of test methodology on seed germination using filter paper and soil as substrates
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50029
…examine the influence ot two wood preservatives, chromated copper arsenate (CCA type C) and ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ tvpe B) in seed germination studies. Two methodologies, using contaminated filter paper and contaminated soil as substrates, were investigated to generate the comparison results. The results from…
L Jin, A F Preston
Longterm Performance of Treated Timbers in Marine Exposures
2020 - IRG/WP 20-10969
…wood as well as samples treated with 7.3% chromated copper arsenate (CCA-Type C) exhibited excellent resistance to marine borer attack at both test sites. Samples treated with a lower concentration of CCA experienced some marine borer attack, as did samples treated with 20 and 30% phenol formaldehyde (PF)…
M Konkler, A R Zahora, J Norton, J J Morrell
A comparison between high and conventional incision densities for improving preservative treatment of Douglas-fir heartwood lumber
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40009
…high density incisors. In this report, we compare ammoniacal copper arsenate and chromated copper arsenate treatment of end-matched Douglas-fir lumber incised using one of these high density incisors and a conventional lumber incisor. As expected, higher density incisions improved the depth and uniformity of…
S T Lebow, J J Morrell
Treatment and recycle of CCA hazardous waste
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50007
Chromated copper arsenate containing hazardous materials is generated from the manufacture, treatment of the wood, and from the wood itself, after its life cycle. Laboratory treating of these wastes has resulted in materials suitable for recycle or disposal as…
E A Pasek, C R McIntyre
Available iron promotes brown rot of treated wood
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1526
…to rusting iron increased the toxic threshold of chromated copper arsenate and ammoniacal copper arsenate to a brown-rot fungus Leucogyrophana sp. This supports the hypothesis that the movement of iron ions into wood contributes to the unexpectedly high decay rate of treated wood at the stake test site at Westham…
P I Morris
Influence of water-borne preservatives on water repellency and the impact of addition of water repellent additives
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3704
…The systems include cuprammonium formulations, such as ammoniacal copper carbonate (AC) and ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), ammoniacal copper quat systems (ACQ) and chromated copper arsenate (CCA). The influence of addition of water repellent emulsions into the above systems has also been examined.
L Jin, D M Roberts, A F Preston
Can CCA be substituted as reference preservative?
2018 - IRG/WP 18-20641
…effective preservative concentration, the use of chrome-copper arsenate (CCA) as reference becomes debatable due to environmental and legislative reasons. This emerges from the European standardization bodies who have discussed reference alternatives that can omit the use of CCA. The present debate article…
N Terziev, M Jebrane, P Larsson Brelid, N Morsing, P-O Flaete, P Torniainen, J S Kim, G Daniel
Surface characteristics of wood treated with various AAC, ACQ and CCA formulations after weathering
1991 - IRG/WP 2369
…with various alkylammonium compounds (AACs) as well as ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ) and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have been studied in accelerated weathering experiments. Microscopic examination of the surfaces of these samples after exposure in a weatherometer revealed several different changes. Samples…
L Jin, K J Archer, A F Preston
Untreated and copper-treated wood soaked in sodium oxalate: Effects of decay by copper-tolerant and copper-sensitive fungi
2017 - IRG/WP 17-10888
Copper is widely used as the primary component in wood protectants because it demonstrates a broad range of biocidal properties. However, a key concern with using copper in wood preservative formulations is the possibility for brown-rot basidiomycetes to…
K M Ohno, G T Kirker, A B Bishell, C A Clausen