Your search resulted in 352 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Biocidic effect of nano metal fluorides against brown-rot fungi
2019 - IRG/WP 19-30732
Metal fluoride nanoparticles are promising because of their low water solubility, which reduces the need for fixatives required in widely used active ingredients in wood preservatives such as copper and boron. The effectiveness of nano metal fluorides was compared to sodium fluoride treated wood samples. Wood specimens treated with homo-dispersed sols of MgF2 and CaF2 were tested against brown-rot...
S M Usmani, K Klutzny, I Stephan, E Kemnitz
Relative efficacy of various oxine copper formulations against brown-rot fungi
2019 - IRG/WP 19-30741
This paper investigates the relative resistance of three different oxine copper formulations (oil-borne, water-borne, water-borne with pH-adjustment) as a preservative treatment for wood against brown-rot fungi. Impregnated southern pine sapwood cubes were exposed to R. placenta and G. trabeum cultures in a soil-block test. After eight weeks, the weight losses of the cubes were examined in relatio...
M Petruch, J Lloyd, A Taylor
Biosourced hybrid phenolic resins as coatings for the protection of wood and wood composites
2019 - IRG/WP 19-30745
Biosourced phenolic resins, based on the phenol-formaldheyde (PF) type, were prepared for their application as coating for wood and wood composites protection, especially against fire. The resins were synthesized by combining an organic polymeric matrix with another inorganic phase. The organic phase was prepared substituting phenol by natural phenolic compounds such as lignin and tannins. The ino...
P L de Hoyos-Martínez, R Herrera, J Labid, F Charrier El Bouhtoury
Different levels of acetylation lead to groupwise upregulation of non-enzymatic wood degradation genes of Rhodonia placenta during initial brown-rot decay
2020 - IRG/WP 20-10958
Rhodonia placenta, often used as a model fungus to represent brown rot fungi, uses a two-stepped degradation mechanism to degrade wood. Regarding the overcoming of wood protection systems the initial degradation phase seems to be the crucial point. A new laboratory test enables the separation of the non-enzymatic oxidative and the enzymatic degradation phases, which has previously been proven chal...
M Kölle, R Ringman, A Pilgård
Durability against fungal decay of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) modified wood
2022 - IRG/WP 22-40928
Most European-grown wood species are susceptible to biological degradation, specifically, they suffer from a poor resistance against wood-destroying fungi. Therefore, prior to outdoor exposure, wood has to be treated either by applying a protective coating on its surface or by full-volume impregnation with antifungal chemicals. However, due to environmental and health concerns, the most frequently...
K Kurkowiak, L Emmerich, H Militz
A novel cellulose-binding domain from the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11019
Wood-rotting basidiomycetes are the major organisms decomposing wood in nature. They are classified into two groups based on their decay modes; white-rot fungi and brown-rot fungi. White-rot fungi secrete various cellulolytic enzymes during the wood degradation process. The enzymes are known to be often appended with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) which assists the activity of catalytic domain. ...
Y Kojima, N Sunagawa, M Aoki, M Wada, K Igarashi, M Yoshida
Morphological observation of wood at the early stages of decay in brown rot and white rot
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11020
Wood rotting fungi, the fungal species causing biodeterioration for wood building, are generally classified into white-rot, brown-rot and soft-rot fungi based on their decay modes. Since white-rot and brown-rot fungi are known to reduce wood strength significantly, it is important to clarify the mechanisms of their wood degradation. White-rot fungi reduce wood strength as the decay progress and de...
R Tsukida, T Hatano, Y Kojima, Y Horikawa, S Nakaba, R Funada, M Yoshida
The cellulose binding mechanism of a novel cellulose binding domain from the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum
2023 - IRG/WP 23-11021
In nature, wood decay is caused by various wood-rotting basidiomycetes. Wood-rotting basidiomycete are mainly divided into white-rot fungi and brown-rot fungi. Their main carbon source is cellulose of the wood cell wall during wood decay, and they produce a variety of enzymes to decompose cellulose. The cellulolytic enzymes often possess a cellulose binding domain (CBD) as an additional domain con...
M Aoki, Y Kojima, M Wada, M Yoshida
Recent studies into improved fire retardancy of wood undertaken at Luleå University of Technology
2023 - IRG/WP 23-30784
Modern construction is moving more towards engineered wood products, such as glulam and cross-laminated timber (CLT). This increase is driven by the aspiration to deliver high-rise buildings with enhanced environmental profiles and human well-being. This desire to use wood in construction is pushing the need for fire treatments capable of meeting a products service life. However, the use of wood ...
D Jones, C-F Lin, I Kim, E Garskaite, O Karlsson, D Sandberg
UV protection and dimensional stability of lignin-based wood treatments
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40979
New developments in the field of wood modification aim to enhance the intrinsic properties of natural timber. The limitation of wood should be preferably achieved with biobased ingredients and efficient, eco-friendly treatments possessing low environmental impact. Consequently, new solutions assuring expected properties and functionality over elongated service life and reducing the risk of product...
R Herrera,O Gordobil, F Poohphajai, A Sandak
Time-lapse evaluation of Aureobasidium pullulans growth on selected lignin derivatives and chitosan
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11032
Wood, often referred to as the “building material of the 21st century”, has gained recognition as an attractive alternative to several traditional building solutions. To enlarge the application of wood, several properties including biotic and abiotic degradation resistance need to be improved. Consequently, new solutions are available on the market that ensure expected properties and functiona...
Gubensek, F Poohphajai, A Tosic, K Butina Ogorelek, W Pajerski, A Cernosa, V Hribljan, A Sandak
Research on gaseous COS degradation by brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11033
Physiological studies of wood rotting fungi have mostly focused on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen sources, which constitute the dominants components of wood. On the other hand, despite the physiological importance of trace elements such as sulfur, studies on their acquisition sources and metabolic pathways are limited. Until now, wood rotting fungi have been thought to utilize slight amount...
R Iizuka, R Tsukida, Y Katayama, M Yoshida
Characterization of cell wall morphology and water-soluble extractives in Japanese larch decayed by white-pocket-rot fungi
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11034
Porodaedalea chrysoloma (Fr.) Fiasson & Niemelä is a basidiomycete that can cause white-rot decay in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) heartwood. P. chrysoloma is a white-rot fungus with a unique pattern that causes white-pocket-rot in the xylem of Japanese larch. However, the mechanism by which P. chrysoloma yields the pattern of white-pocket-rot in Japanese larch heartwood remains unclear. Thus,...
Y Mori, H Arai, T Ito, H Hashitani, K Yamashita, Y Ota, M Kiguchi
A novel cellulose-binding domain from the brown-rot fungus that can be used to evaluate cellulose in wood
2024 - IRG/WP 24-11046
Wood-rotting basidiomycetes are the primary microorganisms that decay wood in nature. They are classified as white-rot fungi and brown-rot fungi by the difference in decaying types. White-rot fungi secrete a variety of cellulolytic enzymes during wood degradation. These enzymes often have an additional cellulose-binding domain (CBD) that adsorbs to the cellulose surface and localizes the catalytic...
Y Kojima, N Sunagawa, S Tagawa, T Hatano, S Nakaba, M Aoki, M Wada, K Igarashi, M Yoshida
Enhancing UV resistance and decay resistance of wood by nanoparticle dispersed linseed oil nanoemulsion
2024 - IRG/WP 24-20706
Enhancing increasing demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective wood coatings and preservatives has led to the development of water-borne formulations and use of non-toxic and natural materials such as vegetable oils and waxes. The aim of this study was to improve the UV resistance and decay resistance of wood by nanomaterial dispersed linseed oil emulsions. Highly stable nanoemulsions of linseed ...
R Bansal, R Kumar, K K Pandey
Influence of the substitution of phenol with lignin cleavage products in phenol-formaldehyde impregnation resins for wood modification on the fungal decay resistance and impregnation depth
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30805
The impregnation modification of wood with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins increases the woods dimensional stability and resistance against fungal decay. However, to decrease the usage of non-renewable resources, the substitution of phenol has been a topic of scientific interest. Lignin is a currently underutilized resource with a chemical structure that contains phenolic units. For adhesive appli...
J Karthäuser, L Tarentino, A Treu, H Militz, G Alfredsen
Developing thermal-energy storage systems based on Kraft lignin-glyoxal and organic phase-change material modified wood
2024 - IRG/WP 24-30810
This study investigated the use of modified wood as a thermal-energy storage material through the integration of paraffin-based phase-change materials (PCMs). The objective was to evaluate the influence of Kraft lignin-glyoxal prepolymer on the properties of wood modified with PCMs. The implementation of the modified wood involved preparing PCM emulsions, synthesizing lignin-glyoxal prepolymer, an...
C-F Lin, O Karlsson, D Jones, D Sandberg
Synthetic Oxalate/ß-glucan Fungal Extracellular Matrix Demonstrates Potential Inhibition of Extracellular Enzyme Diffusion into Wood Cell Walls, and Calls into Question the Role of Enzymes in Wood Decay
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11053
ß-glucan is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many fungi, including wood degrading fungi. Many of these species also secrete oxalate into the ECM. Our research demonstrates that ß-glucan forms a novel, previously unreported, hydrogel at room temperature with oxalate. This finding better explains the gel-like nature of the fungal ECM. Oxalate, at relatively low levels, was ...
B Goodell, G A Tompsett, G Perez-Gonzalez, K Mastalerz, M Timko
Microbial symbionts in the shipworm gut: a new finding resolving a century old mystery explaining how shipworms digest lignin
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11061
Shipworms, historically known for their destruction of wooden ships and coastal structures, also play a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying their ability to digest wood, and particularly how they digest lignin, have remained elusive. A better understanding of the way that they attack and digest wood will potenti...
B Goodell, J Chambers, D V Ward, C Murphy, E Black, L B K Mancilio, G Perez-Gonzalez, J R Shipway
Distribution of Crystalline Cellulose-Binding Domain CBM104 in Wood Rotting Fungi
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11073
Wood rotting fungi play a crucial role in biodeterioration of wood. Many brown-rot fungi are known to rapidly degrade cellulose in wood despite lacking enzymes with cellulose-binding domains. This has led to the hypothesis that they rely on a non-enzymatic degradation system. We recently discovered a novel cellulose-binding domain, CBM104, in the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. In this stud...
Y Kojima, N Sunagawa, M Aoki, S Tagawa, M Wada, K Igarashi, M Yoshida
Investigation of oxalic acid production in brown-rot fungi
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11074
Brown-rot fungi play a crucial role as wood decomposers in forests and are also known as the main cause of biodeterioration of wooden buildings in Japan. Therefore, understanding their decomposition mechanisms is important for the maintenance and preservation of wooden structures. While white-rot fungi generally use enzyme-system for degradation, many brown-rot fungi lack cellobiohydrolases which ...
S Matsumoto, R Tsukida, T Ito, M Iritani, M Yoshida
Effect of the Cellulose-Binding Domain Associated with Xylanase on the Degradation of Softwood and Hardwood Xylan
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11078
Brown rot fungi rapidly degrade hemicellulose, which is recognized as a key decomposition process during the early stages of wood decay. Brown rot fungi possess multiple genes encoding hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, suggesting that enzymatic hydrolysis plays an important role in this process. Hemicellulases produced by these fungi often contain an additional domain classified as carbohydrate-bin...
R Tsukida, Y Kojima, S Kaneko, M Yoshida
Screening of fungi capable of degradation of β-aryl ether bond from lignin model compounds by using highly fluorescent-emitting detection
2025 - IRG/WP 25-11081
Lignin is an aromatic polymer and composed of phenylpropane units polymerized by dehydrogenases in cell walls. Lignin has a complex chemical structure with C-C and C-O-C bonds, and it is difficult to decompose lignin structure by microorganisms in natural conditions. For the microbial degradation of lignin structure, wood decay fungi can non-specifically degrade the lignin polymeric structure by o...
A Ishikawa, Y Mori, Y Ota, M Kiguchi
Synergistic effect of the association of Prosopis juliflora polyphenolic extractives with tebuconazole on the growth inhibition of brown and white rot fungi: a solution to increase the naturality and safety of wood preservation treatment
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20732
The antifungal effect of catechin and extractives from Prosopis juliflora was studied against one white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (TV), and one brown rot fungus, Rhodonia placenta (PP). The extractives from Prosopis julilfora were crude mesquitol and pure mesquitol. Tebuconazole was used in this study as a known fungicide against the two named fungi. Wood protection using fungicides can be h...
J Owino, J Tuimising, F Mangin, P Gérardin, A Kiprop, C Gérardin-Charbonnier
Sustainable and environmentally friendly bio-based protection against fire
2025 - IRG/WP 25-20756
Flame-retardant agents are used to confer fire resistant properties with effects strongly dependent on their ability to form char during the thermal degradation. The char coats the polymeric materials and provides a good barrier against heat and oxygen diffusion, thus reducing the combustion rate of the polymeric materials. Halogenated agents that are used today are toxic and may cause severe heal...
M Tanase-Opedal, A Larsson, P O Flaete