Your search resulted in 1084 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Copper distribution in soil leached from full scale decking boards during one year
2010 - IRG/WP 10-50265
…were pine sapwood and pressure treated in a full cell process, fixed by heating and then dried. The samples were not surface treated. Each decking sample of five boards (0.25 m2) was placed on a frame of untreated spruce, 10 cm above the soil surface. In addition to the three treated samples, there was one…
F G Evans
Microdistribution of water-borne preservatives in blue gum treated by full-cell process
1990 - IRG/WP 3617
…sapwood, treated with a CCA water-borne preservative by full-cell process, with the help of scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersion X-ray analysis technique. The work shows that the retention of CCA elements is high in vessels and vasicentric parenchyma as well as in the wood rays, whereas it…
D De Sousa Castro Reimão, J M Palacios
Comparative study between full cell and passive impregnation method of wood preservation for laser incised Douglas-fir lumber
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40359
Many wood species are highly resistant to conventional pressure treatment. To improve the chemical impregnation into Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) lumber, the passive impregnation method had been developed. In this study, ability of the passive im…
Md N Islam, K Ando, H Yamauchi, Y Kobayashi, N Hattori
Comparison of permeability at different levels of moisture content in Bornmullerian fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.) impregnated under vacuum/pressure through full-cell method by using CCA and CCB of different concentrations
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40366
…15 %, which were impregnated under vacuum/pressure through full-cell method by using water-borne wood preservatives (impregnation materials) of Tanalith-C (CCA : copper-chromium-arsenic) and Wolmanit-CB (CCB: copper-chromium-boron) in concentrations of 2.5 % and 3.0 %. The experimental data obtained were examined in…
I Usta
A novel guide for the determination of the physical properties of wood including kiln drying and full-cell preservative treatment
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20298
…In this manner, data assembly and experimental processing are shown. This was designed according to experience and published literature. Aspects emphasised in this review were the physical properties which effect the manner of processing particularly in respect to preservative treatment of wood. For this…
I Usta, M D C Hale
Natural durability transfer from sawmill residues of white cypress (Callitris glaucophylla). - Part 3: Full penetration of the refractory sapwood of white cypress
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40167
…aspects of sapwood permeability. Several pre-treatment processes to improve permeability were tested with limited success. Solvent drying allowed preservative penetration but damaged the structure of the timber. Neither, long term water soaking nor an oscillating pressure/vacuum cycle had any effect on porosity…
M J Kennedy, L M Stephens, M A Powell
Field test method for wood in above ground situation - The full CEN/TC 38 guideline for the Sandwich method. Part 1 - Determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative
2024 - IRG/WP 24-41013
The attached draft CEN Technical Specification (i.e. pre-EN standard) has been drafted in order to become an alternative to the Lap-Joint test method (EN 12037:23) for testing of wood in above ground situation and the draft CEN/TS Part 1 is specifically intend…
M Westin, R Ringman, A Christof, F Friese
Field durability testing of wood above ground - Part 2: The full guideline of the Bundle method
2023 - IRG/WP 23-20696
To determine the biological durability of wood above ground, numerous approaches for test methods have been pursued and tried out in the field in the past. So far, no method has managed to find its way into a European standard. During the last 15 years, experi…
C Brischke, G Alfredsen, L Emmerich, M Humar, L Meyer-Veltrup
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane using supercritical carbon dioxide
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40659
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. A batch of 3530 kg of Scots pine sapwood was impregnated to a retention of approximately 1.3% siloxane. The treatment also consisted of a simultaneous…
A Kjellow, F Imsgard, J Fernandes, R Wagner, J Delis
Leaching of the copper component from full scale decking boards during one summer season
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50260
The leaching of copper has been tested in laboratory and in outside exposure for freshly treated pine sapwood samples with three different copper preservatives, Cu HDO, copper quat and copper triazoles. We found in the laboratory leaching test that a fixatio…
F G Evans
Fire Safety of Wood Floor Assembly: Model and Full-scale Test
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20375
The present paper describes the model for the prediction of fire safety of wood floor assemblies. The model includes heat transfer model for the calculation of the flow of heat in floor assembly and structural model for the analysis of the mechanical performa…
H Takeda
Fully impregnated poles for a minimum environmental impact: Eucalyptus poles
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-24
The classical processes for preservation of wooden poles (vacuum-pressure and Boucherie processes) allow the impregnation of the sapwood only.
The new radial-axial injection process has been applied to Eucalyptus poles, and has led to impregnation of both sapwood and…
L Nitunga
The full guideline for the “double layer test method” - A field test method for determining the durability of wood out of ground
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20290
This guideline describes a test method for wood to be exposed to the weather out of ground contact. The main objective of the method is to evaluate the durability of wood in above ground exposure as shifted overlaid stakes, which form the so called double laye…
A O Rapp, U Augusta
Copper naphthenate-treated Southern Pine pole stubs in field exposure. -Part 2: Chemical characterization of full size pole stubs 12 years after treatment
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30246
This study examines the influence of pre-treatment and post-treatment steaming on the character and physio-chemical nature of copper naphthenate in hydrocarbon solvent treated pine in larger, pole diameter, pole stub-length samples. This work is the continuati…
H M Barnes, D P Kamdem, M H Freeman
An in-ground natural durability field test of Australian timbers and exotic reference species. Part 5: Extensive data from a site where both decay and termites are active. Results from a full-replicated set of heartwood specimens from each of ten myrtaceous hardwoods after 18, 19 and 20 years' exposure - A discussion paper
1988 - IRG/WP 2324
Extensive data are presented on the decay situation, the termite situation and the decay-termite associations; all gathered from a fully-replicated set of heartwood specimens of 10 hardwood timbers after 18, 19 and 20 years' exposure in the ground at…
J D Thornton, G C Johnson, J W Creffield
Investigation of Impregnation Factors for Biomass-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins
2025 - IRG/WP 25-41044
…types. Furthermore, it focuses on improving the curing process for large-sized specimens to prevent cracking caused by moisture gradients after resin treatment.
Y-C Huang, T-H Lin, P-Y Kuo
New wood-modification process based on grafted urethane groups: Durability of carbamamylated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood
2023 - IRG/WP 23-40974
…biodegradation. In this study, Scots pine sapwood was full-cell impregnated with an aqueous solution of urea (30%), dried at 40°C for 24h, and subsequently heat-treated at 150°C for 24h. By using accelerated fungal treatment conditions under laboratory conditions, the produced material showed great resistance…
C-F Lin, O Myronycheva, O Karlsson, D Jones, D Sandberg
Treatability of native and exotic alternative timber species
2019 - IRG/WP 19-40864
…of the standard (NZS3640:2003) using conventional full-cell process with CCA preservative. In most cases preservative penetration and uptake in the sapwood of the Eucalyptus species was satisfactory. However, the need for higher preservative retention to combat soft-rot decay, sapwood depth and heartwood…
D Page, T Singh
Potential of teak heartwood extractives as a natural preservative against Nasutitermes corniger termite
2015 - IRG/WP 15-30666
…of metallic salts, however, these substances make the process expensive and are harmful to man and the environment, requiring cares with handling, dosing and leaks. Due to these facts, several researches have shown the use of natural substances, extracted from the wood of various naturally durable species, as…
V Fassina Brocco, J Benigno Paes, L Gonçalves da Costa, S Brazolin
Effect of bio-resin from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on decay resistance properties of wood
2013 - IRG/WP 13-40649
…protocol. A bio-resin system was developed by ozonolysis process from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a naturally occurring mixture of phenolics. Small wood blocks from sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) and Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) were vacuum impregnated with methanolic…
M Ashaduzzaman, M D Hale, V Tverezovskiy, G A Ormondroyd
Protection mechanisms of modified wood against decay by white and brown rot fungi
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10713
…removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has no influence on fungal decay.
In order to study the effect of cell wall bulking and increased surface area, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood flour was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The…
C Mai, P Verma, Yanjun Xie, J Dyckmans, H Militz
Effects of concentration and temperature of CCA and CCB on wood strength of Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.)
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40450
…on MOE and MOR were affected to a small extent by the full-cell vacuum/pressure wood treatment by using CCA and CCB with the concentrations of 2.5 and 3.0 % heated at 30 and 40 ºC. The worst case was 3.0% CCB treatment at 40 °C which resulted in a 5.0% reduction in MOE and a 5.2% reduction in MOR.
I Usta, M Hale
Hydrophobic characteristics of pyrolysis oil
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30458
…of wood samples treated by full- and empty cell process even though the oil uptake of samples treated with full cell process was significantly higher than that of the empty cell process.
A Temiz, M Hakki Alma, N Terziev
Effects of CCB on wood strength of Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.)
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40416
…and MOR (modulus of rupture) were evaluated after full-cell vacuum/pressure treatment using a 3.0 % concentration followed by kiln-drying at 15 and 30 % moisture contents with heating the preservative at 30 and 40 ºC. The results showed that MOE and MOR of Eastern spruce affected by the combinations of the…
I Usta, M Hale
Rehabilitación del Portón del templo parroquial de San Juan Vicario de Comanja, Michoacán, México
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40431
…treated using the full cell method, called the Bethell process, to 100% penetration.
Se rehabilitó el portón de madera de pino del templo parroquial de San Juan Vicario de la ciudad de Comanja, Michoacán , México. El portón estaba deteriorado por termitas, carcoma, hongos y condiciones climáticas.…
J Reséndiz Sánchez, J Cruz de León