Your search resulted in 172 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Sapstain development on Jack pine logs in Eastern Canada
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10358
During 1998-99, a study was initiated to investigate the influence of seasons, log types and storage time on the sapstain development on jack pine logs at two sites in Eastern Canada. Jack pine trees (Pinus banksiana) were harvested into whole-tree and cut-to-length logs in spring and in autumn. Sapstain development was examined in these logs at 2 to 4 week intervals after felling. The mean stain ...
Dian-Qing Yang, R Beauregard
Time limits for holding logs to achieve successful antisapstain treatment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30126
The purpose of these trials was to determine the maximum time that logs can be left in winter and summer before treatment if sapstain, caused by pre-treatment infection, was to be prevented. Pre-treatment storage conditions representative of average temperature and humidity for the winter months of June, July and August, and of moderately severe summer conditions, for the Bay of Plenty, New Zealan...
D R Eden, R N Wakeling, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter
Performance of Tuff Brite C™ and other formulations against blue-stain, mold and brown-stain in freshly-sawn rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) in the humid tropics of Peninsular Malaysia
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30163
The relative anti-sapstain and anti-mold efficacies, including brown-stain development in freshly-sawn rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) in the Malaysian tropics, between selected water-based product concentrations of formulations Tuff Brite CTM without/with added Borax (at 1.5/0, 1/1.5, 1.5/1.5 and 2%/1.5%), PQ8TM without/with added Borax (at 2.5/0, 1.5/1.5, 2/1.5 and 2.5%/1.5%) and NeXgenTM/NeX-Br...
A H H Wong, T L Woods
Colonisation and detection of New Zealand sapstain fungi
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10329
Sapstain is the bluish black discolouration in logs and timber caused in New Zealand by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Diploida pinea) and more than twenty different species of the Ophiostomataceae Family. Laboratory and field trials were conducted by inoculating radiata pine to establish staining colour and extent of colonisation with various New Zealand sapstaining fungal species. Colonisation patterns, c...
J M Thwaites, R L Farrell
A field test with anti-stain chemicals on sawn pine timber in Brazil
1989 - IRG/WP 3513
Field tests were carried out in São Paulo State - Brazil, to evaluate pre-treatment formulations of O-Phenyl-Phenol (OPP) based products. The Sodium Pentachlorophenate solution was used as a reference formulation. The treated test blocks were stacked in a covered shed, and in an uncovered place for air drying. The evaluation was done by measuring the percentage of stained surface on each test blo...
M B B Monteiro, S Brazolin
Organic nitrogen in wood: Growth substrates for a sapstain fungus
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10019
The nitrogen content of mature wood from lodgepole pine was 0.046% as determined by micro-Kjeldahl. Low molecular weight proteins between 14 and 21 kDa were identified in mature wood, branch wood and sap pressed from wood chips. Amino acids were quantified in acid-hydrolyzed wood samples and accounted for between 19 and 35% of the nitrogen in wood. The sapstaining ascomycete Ophiostoma piceae stra...
L D Abraham, C Breuil
Variable tolerance of Ophiostoma spp. and Diplodia pinea to commercial antisapstain products
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10266
A recent survey of the occurrence of sapstain fungi in New Zealand, conducted at The University of Waikato, provided the opportunity to examine fungicidal tolerance amongst new isolates. It also enabled a comparison of tolerance amongst new isolates with those used in routine antisapstain screening trials at Forest Research.
A rapid antisapstain laboratory disc trial was used to determine the ext...
D R Eden, C M Chittenden, B Kreber, J G Van der Waals, R N Wakeling, R L Farrell, T Harrington
Effect of thickened boron in preventing conidial germination of sapwood-inhabiting fungi
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30059
We evaluated the efficacy of thickened boron preservative "Diffusolä" in preventing conidia germination of sapwood-inhabiting fungi using plate bioassay, Southern Yellow Pine and sweetgum block tests, and green pine log sections. The test fungi were sapstain fungi Ceratocystis coerulescens, Ceratocystis minor, and Aureobasidum pullulans and mold fungi, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, and Tric...
S C Croan
A report on the development of "Technical Recommendations Document for the Canadian wood preservation and protection facilities"
1987 - IRG/WP 3447
The wood preservation and wood protection industry uses chemicals which are similar. However, because the methods of applications of preservatives are different in wood preservation (pressure treatment) and wood protection (surface treatment) plants, their problems need to be resolved separately. As a part of a federal strategy to protect the environment and human health from potentially toxic com...
G Das, V N P Mathur
Effect of origin and orientation of Radiata pine substrates on the development of fungal degrade
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30221
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different radiata pine substrates on colonisation by sapstain fungi. Freshly-cut branch wood, stem wood and sawn lumber were used to prepare test samples with the largest wood surface area showing a transverse, radial or tangential face. Test samples were evaluated against sapstain fungi using a rapid laboratory antisapstain screening m...
B Kreber, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, B Carpenter, J G Van der Waals
Sentry®), a new antisapstain formulation for protecting logs and lumber. - Part 1: advances in protection of New Zealand radiata pine logs
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30188
Until recently antisapstain formulations gave approximately 10 weeks protection to radiata pine logs and even within this time frame protection was often not consistent. Industry requires 20 weeks protection. The degree of protection sought by industry is in the order of 90-95%. For example, this equates to a maximum of 5 - 10% surface cover of sapstain in the first whole veneer produced from a pe...
R N Wakeling, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter, I Dorset, R Kuluz, J Wakeman, T Price, B Nairn
Evaluation of the effectiveness of defence anti-stain in the control of sapstain in laboratory and field tests
1990 - IRG/WP 3593
The anti-sapstain product Defence Anti-stain (DAS) has been evaluated internationally in laboratory and field tests during the years 1988 and 1989. Results of tests carried out by institutes and by own companies in countries like Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Portugal, Belgium, The Netherlands and Spain will be presented. In the several tests Defence Anti-stain showed a high fungicidal activity t...
G Rustenburg, C J Klaver
Characteristics of the pigments produced by sap-staining fungi
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10223
The present study was conducted to characterize the pigments produced by sap-staining fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud and Ceratocystis piceae (Münch) H. and P. Sydow. The pigments isolated from tested fungi were identified as melanins by spectroscopic methods (UV and infrared spectra). The UV and the infrared spectra of the fungal pigments were similar to those of the synthetic me...
M Mori, M Takahashi
Comparison of two laboratory methods for screening potential anti-sapstain chemicals
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10036
Two methods were used to screen a number of potential anti-sapstain chemicals in the laboratory. In one method miniature boards of freshly felled Scots pine sapwood were dip treated with the candidate chemical, sprayed with a suspension of stainers or moulds and incubated for five weeks. In the other method antibiotic assay discs were treated with precise quantities of chemical, plated out on malt...
S M Gray, D J Dickinson
Commercial antisapstain chemicals in New Zealand
1980 - IRG/WP 3142
Almost all sawn timber of exotic softwoods (principally Pinus radiata) and a large proportion of indigenous sawn timber receives an antisapstain chemical treatment to prevent fungal degrade during subsequent seasoning, storage, or transportation (if exported). Antisapstain chemicals are also widely used to protect freshly peeled round produce during drying. A further, specialised, use is as the fu...
J A Butcher
The relationship between blue-stain and bark beetles
1971 - IRG/WP 19
The attack of bark beetles on standing or in newly-felled stems provides special growth conditions to wood-inhabiting fungi. In the wood attacked by bark beetles, a specific and rich fungus flora is found, and from these fungi the economically important group of blueing fungi has been more thoroughly investigated. These fungi live on nutritive substances present in the cells, especially in the med...
A Käärik
Antisapstain field trials of NeXgen in New Zealand
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30145
This document covers the results of summer and winter log trials of NeXgen, an antisapstain formulation containing methylene bis thiocyanate plus chlorothalonil. Log billets (20 - 25cm diameter) were stripped of bark using a commercial maul debarker and antisapstain treated within 8 hours of felling by dip application. Billets were stored in a pole barn and assessed for internal sapstain and decay...
R N Wakeling, T L Woods, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, B Carpenter
Development process of a new anti-sapstain formulation and its present status with the relevant problems
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30257
An anti-sapstain formulation, which contains 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazol (TCMTB) and methylene-bis-thiocyanate (MBT) as active ingredients, was developed by a technical agreement with Buckman Laboratories (Memphis, TN, USA) as an alternative to chlorinated phenols for the Japanese market. The formulation was commercialized as BAM 12 years ago. As anti-sapstain treatment is commonly conduct...
K Nobashi, Y Nomura, K Tsunoda
Defacement of freshly sawn Corsican pine lumber by sapstain and mould fungi and the influence of arthropods
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10227
In a trial to study the arthropods associated with sapstain and mould fungi, freshly sawn Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima (Aiton) Melville) boards were block stacked at a local sawmill. Each stack was constructed in a nest arrangement with smaller boards in experimental tanks, positioned in the centre of the stacks. Boards were converted from a stock of sawlogs at monthly intervals, to pr...
N J Strong, J F Webber, R A Eaton
Log fumigation prevents enzyme-mediated sapwood discolorations in hardwoods
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10003
Non-microbial sapwood discolorations in hardwood lumber can cause economic loss by degrade of quality. Based on the hypothesis that the enzyme-mediated sapstain may develop in part from byproducts of parenchyma cells in wood, reshly felled logs of red oak (Quercus spp.) and sugar hackberry (Celtis laevigata) were fumigated under a plastic tarp with methyl bromide. Log sections were checked after f...
E L Schmidt, T L Amburgey
Database of sapstain fungi affecting lumber, logs and trees
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10534
Sapstain fungi discolour lumber, logs and tree sapwood and are often mistaken for moulds, which cause a superficial discoloration. Stained wood has a lower market value. Further, because stained wood products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi, such products may be refused by importing countries. Addressing these issues involves developing ways for accurately identifying staining fungi, docume...
S Lee, F de Giuli Vallverdu, S Alamouti, Jae-Jin Kim, A Uzunovic, C Breuil
A report of the Technical Recommendations documents for the Canadian Wood Protection and Preservation Facilities and an environmental study of storm water runoff from anti-sapstain treatment plants
1988 - IRG/WP 3478
With the completion of the Final draft of the Technical Recommendations (TR) documents for the Wood Preservation and Wood Protection Industry, there are naturally questions on what is expected from these documents and how Environment Canada and Provincial regulatory agencies may interact with the wood preservation industry. In general, it is expected that the Canadian Wood Preservation and Protect...
G Das, V N P Mathur
Migration of chlorothalonil and carbendazim in fruits stored in wood treated with the anti-sapstain formulation Tuff Brite C
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50097
Fruits and vegetables stored in treated wood boxes are in contact with the products used for the treatment. In order to obtain regulatory approval for incidental food contact it is necessary to determine the quantity of residues on these fruits or vegetables. When the active materials are used in agriculture it is required that residues found are below to the MRL fixed for these substances. In the...
J F Cooper, D Riboul, M De Vleeschauwer, T L Woods
A new type of biocide suitable for use in different fields of wood preservation
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30014
A new type of polymeric biocides was developed containing quaternary ammonium and boron ester groups as active structure elements, to overcome the disadvantages of AAC's in wood preservation use and to utilise their good performance due to a broad efficacy against fungi on the other hand. The new biocides called polymeric betains have been tested in laboratory and field tests and especial...
V Barth, H Härtner
An appraisal of anti-sapstain chemicals in Queensland, Australia
1985 - IRG/WP 3331
Eleven formulations were tested in the field for effectiveness against sapstain, mould and fungi on Pinus elliottii in Queensland. The commercially used sodium pentachlorophenoxide (0.5% a.i.) and Captafol (0.2% a.i.) performed well. Busan 1009 (0.3% a.i.), Protek T (5.0% a.i.), Woodgard E.S. and E.C. (0.8% a.i.), together with sodium tetrachlorophenoxide (0.5% a.i.) offer potential as anti-sapsta...
L E Leightley