Your search resulted in 148 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Chemical Analysis of Southern Pine Pole Stubs Thirteen Months Following Treatment with Three Methylisothiocyanate Based Commercial Fumigants
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30294
Agricultural fumigants have been commercially used in the United States for over 20 years to control internal decay in utility poles and other wooden structures. Of the four fumigants which are currently used in the remedial treatment of utility poles, three are based on methylisothiocyanate (MITC) as being the principal fungitoxic component. Two of these MITC based fumigants, liquid metham sodi...
R J Ziobro, T C Anderson, D J Herdman, J Guzzetta, T Pope
Mechanical properties of CCA-treated southern pine after post-treatment kiln drying
1989 - IRG/WP 3543
This report reviews current research dealing with the effects of waterborne preservative treatment and redrying on the mechanical properties of wood. In general, waterborne preservative treatments reduce average mechanical properties. This effect is exaggerated when treated wood is kiln-dried after treatment, especially at elevated temperatures. For lumber, recently completed research at the Missi...
H M Barnes, J E Winandy
Effect of post-treatment drying schedule on the modulus of elasticity of CCA-treated southern pine dimension stock using nondestructive methods
1987 - IRG/WP 3413
This paper describes the results from the nondestructive testing for modulus of elasticity (MOE) of southern pine (Pinus sp.) 2 x 6's treated with chromated copper arsenate and redried using three commercial kiln schedules. The data indicate that redrying CCA-treated southern pine dimension stock treated to above-ground retentions (4 kg/m³) has no deleterious effect on the MOE, regardles...
H M Barnes, S Moore
Nondestructive assessment of biodegradation in southern pine sapwood exposed to attack by natural populations of decay fungi and subterranean termites
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20042
Field methods for evaluating decay resistance of experimentally treated materials lack a means for quantitative measurement of residual strength. Quantitative relationships between speed of impact-induced waves travelling parallel to the grain and residual compressive strength have been demonstrated in softwood attacked by brown rot-decay fungi, but the effects of termites have not been documented...
R C De Groot, R J Ross, W Nelson
Wood preservation in Southern Africa
1984 - IRG/WP 3320
This report deals with the status of wood preservation in the countries of Southern Africa, namely Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. It includes some data on the timber production from the forests of these countries, as well as detailing the state of the timber products industries in South Africa which is the dominant country in the field in the sub-cont...
A Pizzi, W E Conradie, R Cockcroft
Antagonistic properties of Gliocladium virens against wood attacking fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10162
Gliocladium virens has shown good antagonism against decay fungi in agar medium and in wood blocks. Gliotoxin produced by Gliocladium virens is associated with biocontrol of some plant diseases, but its importance to biocontrol of wood-attacking fungi is unknown. We investigated the ability of gliotoxin-producing (GLT+) isolates of Gliocladium virens and gliotoxin-deficient (GLT-) mutants of Glioc...
T L Highley, H S Ananthapadmanabha, C R Howell
Microwave modification of Yellow Stringybark (Eucalyptus Muelleriana) posts for impregnation with Copper-Chrom-Arsenic (CCA) preservatives
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40185
Yellow Stringybark posts with diameters ranging from 60-100 mm were microwave conditioned using a 60 kW microwave (MW) generator. A substantial improvement in heartwood penetration of preservatives and relaxation of growth stresses was indicated such that there was no split formation following drying of the posts. High preservative absorption of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) was achieved ranging fro...
G Torgovnikov, P Vinden
Effect of wrapping on movement of chloropicrin, Vapam, and Vanicide TH in southern pine timbers
1987 - IRG/WP 3411
Important fungi that decay wood protucts were "inoculated" into nonpressure-treated southern pine timbers as vapor-sensing agents to evaluate the effect of wrapping on the movement and persistence of fungitoxic concentrations of chloropicrin, Vapam, and Vanicide TH in the timbers. Fumigant movement and persistence in the timbers was enhanced by wrapping the timbers in polyethylene after fumigation...
T L Highley
FTIR characterization of copper ethanolamine - wood interaction
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20154
The interaction of copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA) and wood components was studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In Cu-EA treated wood, significant reduction was noticed on the band attributed to carbonyl vibration from carboxylic groups at 1735±5 cm-1 and an increase in band intensity was obtained from carbonyl in carboxylate at 1595±5 cm-1. The same observation was made ...
Jun Zhang, D P Kamdem
Dominant genera of fungi isolated from the surfaces of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood lumbers exposed at six test sites from northern to southern regions of Japanese islands
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10304
The surfaces of wood materials are disintegrated not only by sunlight and rainwater but also by microbes when exposed above ground condition. This paper deals with the investigation of fungi isolated from the surfaces of Sugi heartwood lumbers (W100 by T10 by L300 mm) exposed at an angle of 45° without ground contact for 16 months at the six test sites from northern to southern regions of Japan. ...
S Doi, M Mori, M Kiguchi, Y Imamura, M Hasegawa, S Morita, S Nakamra, Y Kadegaru
Efficacy of termiticide treatments to soil in field tests in the southern United States
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30043
In standard ground-board and concrete-slab efficacy tests in the southern United States, termiticides provide several years of subterranean termite control depending on rates applied to the soil and test site location. Years of 100% control (as of February 1994) provided by each currently marketed termiticide applied at highest label rates under concrete slabs in our four primary test sites (Flori...
B M Kard, J K Mauldin
Interaction of copper-amine complexes with wood: Influence of copper source, amine ligands and amine to copper molar ratio on copper retention and leaching
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30203
The absorption and leachability of copper in copper amine (Cu-EA) treated wood are influenced by the formulation and the composition of copper amine treating solutions. The sources of copper used, Cu(OH)2, CuCO3, CuSO4 and Cu(NO3)2, in the copper amine complex formulation affect the leachability of copper. Data show that copper amine from CuSO4 and Cu(NO3)2 treated wood has less copper loss during...
Jun Zhang, D P Kamdem
Preliminary observations of the effect of growth ring orientation on the surface checking of flat sawn Southern pine decking
2005 - IRG/WP 05-20313
Checking in decking timber is a serious defect and methods of reducing its severity are required to ensure that wood can compete with alternative decking materials. The first aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that flat sawn Southern pine decking boards with growth rings oriented concave to the exposed surface will develop less severe checking when exposed outdoors than similarly expo...
K Urban, P D Evans
Foraging patterns of termite species in the living complexes of Bangkanoon forest plantation, Phuket province, Southern Thailand
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10481
Studies on foraging patterns of termite species in the living complexes of Bankanoon Forest Plantation, Phuket Province, southern Thailand, gave result of 11 species of subterranean termites (Coptotermes gestroi, Microtermes obesi, Macrotermes gilvus, Macrotermes carbonarius, Macrotermes anandalei, Odontotermes feae, Odontotermes proformosanus, Hypotermes makhamensis, Globitermes sulphureus, Micro...
Y Sornnuwat, C Vongkaluang, S Chutibhapakorn
Removing Cu, Cr and As from CCA treated yellow pine by oleic acid
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50202
In this study, CCA treated yellow pine utility poles were cut into three different dimensions and 4 different pH levels (2, 2.5, 3.5 and 5) of Oleic acid was used. The leached wood samples were collected at the end of the 1, 3, 7 and 14 days to determine the remaining Cu, Cr and As concentrations. The concentrations of Cu, Cr and As were determined by X-RF. The effects of pH, dimension and duratio...
E D Gezer, Ü C Yildiz, S Yildiz, E Dizman, A Temiz
Movement of chloropicrin, Vapam, and methylisothiocyanate in southern pine and Douglas fir timbers
1987 - IRG/WP 3410
Douglas fir and southern pine timbers, 15.2 x 15.2 x 426 cm³ (6-in x 6-in x 14-ft), were "inoculated" with brown-rot and white-rot fungi as vapor-sensing agents to evaluate the movement and distribution of fungitoxic concentrations of chloropicrin, Vapam, and methylisothiocyanate (MIT) over a 20-week period. Residual fumigant in timbers was determined by a bioassay with Gloeophyllum trabeum. The ...
T L Highley
Effect of soil chemistry and physical properties on wood preservative leaching
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50111
When treated wood is placed in contact with soil, complicated mass transfer and chemical reactions occur which causes the preservative components to leach from the wood. There are several factors that are known to affect the amount of chemical leached from wood. These are properties of the preservative and carrier, preservative retention, degree of fixation, exposure time, grain orientation, surfa...
Joan-Hao Wang, D D Nicholas, L S Sites, D E Pettry
Fungal degradation of wood treated with metal-based preservatives. Part 1: Fungal tolerance
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10163
In recent years, concerns have arisen about the leaching of heavy metals from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), particularly because of the large amount of CCA treated wood that will be discarded in the coming years. The long term objectives of this work are to determine the fate of copper, chromium and arsenic with the aging and potential decay of CCA-treated wood, and to develop...
B Illman, T L Highley
Performance of Preservative Treated Parallel Strand Lumber in Marine Exposures.
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30407
The performance ACZA treated Douglas-fir and CCA southern pine parallel strand lumber (PSL) was studied in marine exposures in Florida or Oregon. While materials treated to retentions below the recommended levels for marine exposure were attacked in Oregon, properly treated panels of either species performed well. Panels treated with these same chemicals and exposed in Florida experienced attack ...
J J Morrell, C S Love, P Merrick
Long term marine performance of ACZA treated Hem fir in Krishnapatnam harbour, east coast of India
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30409
The performance of Hem fir (Tsuga heterophylla) and Southern pine (Pinus sp.) treated with ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) and copper dimethyldithio carbamate (CDDC) at two retention levels of each preservative was assessed in tropical marine waters at Krishnapatnam harbour on the east coast of India. Panels treated with ACZA of lower loadings (23.1 Kg/m3) had failed in 38 months while the ...
B Tarakanadha, K S Rao, J J Morrell
Marine exposure assessment in southern Portugal of the natural resistance of a number of lesser known species of tropical hardwoods to teredinid and limnoriid borers
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10614
Naturally durable species of timber are used as an alternative to preservative treated timber for marine structures, but many species have not been evaluated for their potential for use in this environment. EN 275 specifies a 5-year test period - too long a period for screening tests to be economically viable. In this study, candidate timber species were selected for testing in the sea on the basi...
J R Williams, S M Cragg, L M S Borges, J D Icely, G S Sawyer
Preliminary Observations of the Effect of Kerfing on the Surface Checking and Warping of Flat Sawn Southern Pine Decking
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20360
Checking and warping of decking timber are serious defects and methods of reducing their severity are required to ensure that wooden decking can compete with alternative decking materials. Kerfing is effective at reducing the checking and distortion of square cross-section lumber, and the checking of roundwood. In the past it has also been applied to preservative treated decking boards, however, t...
R Ratu, J Weizenegger, P Evans
Effect of fungal attack on maximum load capacity of simulated wall assemblies
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20363
The effects of moisture intrusion and fungal attack on the maximum load capacity of nailed assemblies was investigated using one white and one brown rot fungus against 4 material combinations over a 20 week period. Wetting significantly reduced the maximum load capacity of all four material combinations, while wetting and autoclaving only affected the OSB sheathing/spruce stud. The white rot fung...
N Melencion, J J Morrell
Effects of heat treatments on decay resistance and material properties of ponderosa pine and yellow poplar
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40374
The potential for using heat treatment to improve the properties of North American fenestration species was evaluated on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L) treated using the ThermoWood process at various treatment temperatures and times. Soil block tests using Gloeophyllum trabeum, Postia placenta, or Trametes versicolor showed that durability was enh...
C Vidrine, C Freitag, J Nicholson, J J Morrell
Micro-Distribution of Metals in Wood Treated with a Nano-Copper Wood Preservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40360
The microdistribution of copper in southern pine treated with a newly-developed nano-copper wood preservative was examined to determine if it differed from that reported for wood treated with conventional copper-based wood preservatives. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in combination with x-ray microanalysis (EDX) revealed the presence of nano-sized copper and iron particles i...
H Matsunaga, M Kiguchi, P Evans