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A field trial of water repellents as anti-sapstain treatment additives
1987 - IRG/WP 3417
The assessment of water repellents as anti-sapstain treatment additives has been included in a recent FRI research programme investigating improved surface protection of New Zealand Pinus radiata. Laboratory work has shown variation in water repellent effectiveness with chemical type and subsequently a field trial was established to examine the performance of selected water repellent/anti-sapstain...
J A Drysdale, D V Plackett


Pentachlorophenol and tributyltin oxide - the performance of treated Pinus radiata after 12 years' exposure
1986 - IRG/WP 3361
Pinus radiata samples were impregnated with a range of light organic solvent preservatives and copper/chrome/arsenic salt and exposed with no surface coating both in and above ground for 12 years. Inspection of the test samples revealed that some formulations of light organic solvent preservatives will give good fungal protection and reduce splitting in Pinus radiata exposed externally without a s...
R S Johnstone


The relationship between preservative type and surface degrade in Pinus radiata
1980 - IRG/WP 3158
Samples of Pinus radiata D. Don were impregnated with one of two preservative types, a copper chrome arsenic salt and a light organic solvent preservative. The panels were exposed to the weather for 4-5 years at a site near Sydney, Australia. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations showed different rates and patterns of weathering between the samples treated with each preservative and an untreate...
R S Johnstone, R K Bamber


A substantively bonded water repellent treatment based on chromium carboxylates
1985 - IRG/WP 3344
Chromium carboxylates soluble in toluene have been synthesised and applied to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood. Without any further treatment, the compounds may be readily leached from wood surfaces with toluene. After a period of heating however, they become fixed to the cell wall, substantial amounts being resistant to leaching even under reflux conditions for several hours. Treatment of wo...
J K Wright, W B Banks, W J Eilbeck


Field performance of wax treated wood
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30649
The durability and outdoor performance of wax treated Scots pine sapwood was investigated in above ground field tests. Therefore wood impregnated with three different waxes was exposed in horizontal lap-joint test which is running since eight years. Durability, wetting resistance and the susceptibility to checking has been investigated. In summary, all wax treated wood performed better compared to...
C Brischke, E Melcher


Modifying wood with paraffin wax emulsion impregnation and thermal modification: hydrophobization effect and mechanism of the combined treatment
2016 - IRG/WP 16-40726
The aim of this study was to enhance the water repellency of wood by a combined treatment of paraffin wax emulsion (PWE) impregnation and thermal modification. Two different treating procedures were used to modify the southern pine (pinus spp.). One is first PWE impregnation and then thermal modification, another is first thermal modification and then PWE impregnation. The treated samples were imm...
Wang Wang, Jinzhen Cao, Cong Chen


Effect of Particle Size on Wax Distribution in Paraffin Wax Emulsion Impregnated Wood
2017 - IRG/WP 17-40779
Paraffin wax emulsion impregnation has been a common eco-friendly approach for improving water repellency of wood. In this study, southern pine (Pinus spp.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvesteris L.) samples were impregnated with paraffin wax emulsions of different solid contents and particle sizes, and then the time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) was used to elucidate the influence of part...
Wang Wang, Jinzhen Cao, Yiheng Huang


Wood Hydrophobic Modification by Mixed Wax Emulsions
2018 - IRG/WP 18-40839
An environmental-friendly, economical and facile method to construct hydrophobic system for improving wood repellency was applied in this study. Using paraffin wax and carnauba mixed wax O/W emulsions can simultaneously fabricate continuous wax films and rough structures in wood internal and external surface under appropriate heat treatment. In the study, single and mixed wax emulsions of 4% solid...
C Chen, W Wang


Fire resistance of preservative treated fence posts
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30033
Pine fence posts were pressure treated separately with CCA-C, CCA-wax, CCA-oil and creosote. Treated posts and untreated controls were planted in the ground in a randomised block design, weathered for six months and then subjected to a controlled burning test using two fuel loads. Creosote treatment increased the time that posts were alight whereas CCA treatment had no such effect. However, CCA tr...
P D Evans, P J Beutel, C F Donnelly, R B Cunningham


Long-term performance of a "wax" type additive for use with water-borne pressure preservative treatments
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40159
Field performance results are updated for matched CCA treated decking boards with and without an emulsion water repellent additive incorporated with the initial pressure treatment. Decks have been exposured for over 9 years in Harrisburg, NC. Boards were evaluated for in-service and laboratory performance for water repellent efficacy, as well as additive loadings in the boards after this exposure....
A R Zahora


Wood preservation in the Australian beekeeping industry
1988 - IRG/WP 3473
This paper reports the results of a survey of Australian commercial beekeepers working 200 or more hives in June/July 1985. Nine hundred and forty seven apiarists were asked to participate and to provide information on their wood preservation methods, painting procedures and maintenance of bee boxes. Three hundred and eighty-four apiarists returned completed questionnaires (41%). The main wood pre...
P J Robinson, J R J French


Sap displacement treatment of utility poles in Papua New Guinea
1977 - IRG/WP 3102
Rapid growth of rural electrification in P.N.G. has created a considerable demand for treated poles. In the past power lines have been run on steel poles but the Government of P.N.G. is now seeking to make maximum use of the country's own resources rather than continue to rely upon imported materials such as steel poles. To some extent, this demand is being met by expansion of existing va...
C R Levy


Resin bleed after light organic solvent preservative treatment - the effect of drying method and process type
1986 - IRG/WP 3378
The effects of drying method and treatment process type on resin bleed were investigated. High-temperature drying of resinous radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) heartwood resulted in improved wood permeability, higher preservative uptake, and greater resin bleed when treated by the Rueping process. Resin bleed was reduced substantially when timber was treated by the Lowry process, and totally eli...
P Vinden


Properties of plywood and Oriented Strand Board manufactured with an organic insecticide incorporated in the adhesive formulation
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40174
The efficacy of Fipronil as an insecticide has been established by laboratory and field experiments and commercial use against a broad range of insect pests for various crops. It can be used by either foliar or soil application. Development is underway for the non-agricultural uses of fipronil. Research is ongoing for the control of ants, cockroaches, fleas, ticks, houseflies, mosquitoes, termites...
D P Kamdem, J H Hope, A Jermannaud


Behaviour of some selective Indian species towards treatment with solvent based water repellent preservative
1984 - IRG/WP 3309
This paper discusses a solvent based preservative using PCP and a water repellent for preserving three species of timber commonly used in India for the manufacture of doors and windows. It examines the method of treatment to achieve desired levels of penetration and retention of the preservative-cum-water repellent, and tests made on these timbers to examine the success of the processing methods a...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee


Influence of hydrophobic agents on the leachability of boron
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30064
Besides its low mammalian toxicity and a broad range of activity towards both fungi and insects, boron shows a high diffusibility, encouraging it to treat wood species of low permeability. However, its difussibility is at the same time responsible for a high risk of leaching, known since long. Nevertheless quantitative data about this process are only rarely available. Therefore, the leaching of b...
A Peylo, H Willeitner


Laboratory evaluation of water repellents as antisapstain treatment additives
1986 - IRG/WP 3382
Water repellent formulations consisting of five paraffin wax emulsions, three polyethylene wax emulsions, two polybutadiene resin emulsions, a polyester emulsion, and a ß-pinene polymer emulsion were subjected to water repellency tests on radiata pine sapwood. With one exception, the parafin wax emulsions were more effective water repellents than the alternative formulations and one of the paraff...
D V Plackett, C M Chittenden


Surface checking of CCA-treated radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40165
A field trial was established at four locations in Australia to assess the effect of CCA and CCA-wax treatment on the checking (cracking) of radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering. Untreated decking timber and timber that had been pressure treated with water acted as controls. After 1 year's exposure the number and sizes of checks occurring in treated timber and control...
P D Evans, P J Beutel, C F Donnelly, R B Cunningham


Durability of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN ) wood treated in high temperature liquid paraffin
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40221
Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D.DoN )wood was subject to a heat treatment in high-temperature liquid paraffin for the purpose of improving the resistance against fungi and termites without chemicals. The bath of paraffin liquid, which can provide a uniform heat transfer (±2?), was used at temperatures of 90?,120?and 150?.?ecay resistance according to JIS K 15711) was evaluated using a brown rot fungu...
Y Matsuoka, W Ohmura, S Fujiwara, Y Kanagawa


Protection of wood for above ground application through modification with a fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin formulation
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40378
Hydrophobic chemical modification can be regarded as an alternative approach to conventional wood preservation using biocides in order to protect wood in hazard class 3 according the European Standard EN 335-1. A formulation containing fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin and an aluminium salt catalyst was used to change the material properties of wood in order to protect wood from fungal dec...
Nguyen Hong Minh, H Militz, C Mai


Amine Oxides for Use in Wood Protection: II: Water Repellent Agents for Wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30426
Wood treated with cetyl and stearyl amine oxides was evaluated to determine its long term water repellency. Comparative water uptake data, generated during two years of outdoor exposure, illustrated that Lonza’s products, Barlox® 18S (N-octadecyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide) and Barlox® 16S (N-hexadecyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide), were effective water repellent agents, imparting lasting water res...
Xiao Jiang, L Walker


Fire, flame resistance and thermal properties of oil thermally-treated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40361
Oil thermal treatment, first developed by German scientists, is a promising technology for improving the durability and dimensional stability of wood for outdoor above-ground residential uses such as siding and shingles. The present authors’ previous research showed that 220ºC is an optimal treatment temperature, with 2 hours’ treatment producing wood with significantly improved moisture and ...
Jieying Wang, P Cooper


Termite resistance of some modified wood species
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40449
During the last few decades, researchers worldwide have investigated and developed new treatment techniques to improve intrinsic wood properties. Some of these techniques were introduced to the market recently and are gaining in importance.. Various wood properties of these new materials have been studied intensively. These include physical-mechanical properties (dimensional stability, moisture ...
H Militz, B C Peters, C J Fitzgerald


Use of wax emulsions for upgrading of wood properties
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40451
Waxes are used for treatment of wood surfaces for several decades, predominately as surface treatments, because they did not penetrate into the wood. In order to overcome this issue, water emulsions were applied in present experiment. Five water emulsions of various concentration was used namely; two emulsions of montan wax (LGE, MW1), emulsion of polyethylene (WE1), emulsion of ethylene copolymer...
B Lesar, F Pohleven, M Humar


Sorption properties of wood impregnated with aqueous solution of boric acid and montan wax emulsion
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40492
Non-biocidal techniques for wood protection become more and more important, nowadays. One of the possible treatments is use of water repellents. In the present research influence of, one of the possible water repellent, the montan wax emulsion, on the moisturizing and the sorption characteristic of impregnated wood was investigated. To achieve a better protection against wood decay fungi, montan w...
B Lesar, M Humar


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